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Instrument

Magnetometer

Earth Sciences
Magnetometer glyph

A magnetometer is an instrument that measures magnetic field strength or magnetic dipole moment, used across geophysics, space science and materials research to detect and characterize magnetic fields.

Facts
Invented Year
1832 1
Carl Friedrich Gauss's 1832 instrument, a bar magnet suspended horizontally from a gold fibre to measure the strength of Earth's magnetic field, is generally credited as the first magnetometer.
Measures
Magnetic field strength, and in vector instruments, its direction. 1
Operating Principle
Detects the direction, strength or relative change of a magnetic field at a given location, historically via the deflection or oscillation of a suspended magnet and, in modern instruments, via induction, Hall-effect or fluxgate sensors. 1
Resolution
SQUID magnetometers reproducibly achieve femtotesla resolutions in optimized laboratory settings. 1
Operating Range
Earth's magnetic field varies from about 20,000 to 80,000 nanotesla depending on location. 1
Classification
Instrument Class
Measurement or Metrology Instrument 1
Connections

Invented By

Source Magnetometer (Wikipedia)

Used In

Geophysics, Disciplines

Magnetometers are widely used for measuring the Earth's magnetic field in geophysical surveys.

Source Magnetometer (Wikipedia)
Sources
1. Magnetometer (Wikipedia)
Wikipedia
  • Lead section
    A magnetometer is a device that measures magnetic field (B) or magnetic dipole moment.
  • History section
    In 1833, Carl Friedrich Gauss, head of the Geomagnetic Observatory in Gottingen, published a paper on measurement of the Earth's magnetic field.
  • Overview section
    Inductive pickup coils measure the magnetic dipole moment of a material by detecting the current induced in a coil due to the changing magnetic moment of the sample.
  • Laboratory section
    SQUID magnetometry is an extremely sensitive absolute magnetometry technique, reproducibly achieving femtotesla resolutions in optimized laboratory settings.
  • Introduction section
    The Earth's magnetic field can vary from 20000 to 80000 nT depending on location
  • Lede, instrument class
    A magnetometer is an instrument that measures magnetic field strength or magnetic dipole moment, used across geophysics, space science and materials research to detect and characterize magnetic fields.
  • Invented By: Carl Friedrich Gauss
  • Used In: Geophysics, Applications section
    Magnetometers are widely used for measuring the Earth's magnetic field, in geophysical surveys, to detect magnetic anomalies of various types.
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