Nikolay Pirogov

Nikolay Ivanovich Pirogov (1810 to 1881) was a Russian surgeon, anatomist and educator, born in Moscow, who is regarded as the founder of Russian field surgery. He studied medicine in Moscow and Dorpat, became professor of surgery at the Imperial Academy of Military Medicine in Saint Petersburg in 1840 and in 1847 was among the first surgeons to use ether anaesthesia in a field operation. His frozen-section method, which he called ice anatomy, founded topographic anatomy and produced a four-volume atlas published from 1851. He introduced plaster casts for fractures in the field, devised the Pirogov amputation of the foot and served as a surgeon in the Crimean War.