Pythagoras

Pythagoras of Samos was an ancient Ionian Greek philosopher and polymath who lived around 570 to 495 BC and founded Pythagoreanism, a philosophical and religious movement centered on a communal school he established at Croton in southern Italy around 530 BC, where initiates lived ascetically and observed vows of silence. Ancient tradition credited him with major discoveries including the Pythagorean theorem, Pythagorean tuning, the five regular solids, and early ideas about the spherical shape of the earth, though modern scholars debate how many of these he personally originated rather than his later followers. His most securely attested teaching is metempsychosis, the doctrine that the soul is immortal and transmigrates into new bodies after death.