Philipp Apian

Philipp Apian (1531 to 1589) was a German mathematician and physician, the son of the cartographer and astronomer Peter Apian and himself known as the cartographer of Bavaria. Born in Ingolstadt as Philipp Bienewitz, he began studying mathematics at the University of Ingolstadt at eleven and later studied in Burgundy, Paris and Bourges. He became a professor on his return in 1552 but, as a Protestant, had to leave Ingolstadt in 1569 under pressure from the Jesuits and the Counter-Reformation. He then lectured at the University of Tübingen for fourteen years until he lost the post in 1583 for refusing to renounce Calvinism, and he died in Tübingen. From 1554 he surveyed Bavaria for Duke Albrecht, producing a large map and a smaller set of 24 tables in 1568 that served as the official map of Bavaria into the nineteenth century.