Home›People & Institutions›All People & InstitutionsBrowse ByAll People & InstitutionsGroups the atlas's human and organizational subjects together: the scientists who did the work and the institutions where they did it. A reader looking for who is behind a discipline, a theory or an experiment starts here rather than hunting through the subject-matter sections for a name.All People & InstitutionsComments (0)Reader Challenges (0)All People & InstitutionsFilter Results2,087 entriesDisciplineAllAnalytical Chemistry (4)Anthropology (22)Astronomy (116)Astrophysics (46)Atomic Physics (3)Biochemistry (71)Biology (91)Biophysics (8)Botany (24)Chemistry (278)Climatology (3)Cognitive Science (7)Computer Science (89)Cosmology (15)Cryptography (4)Crystallography (6)Earth Science (6)Ecology (9)Electromagnetism (3)Entomology (5)Epidemiology (3)Genetics (66)Genomics (4)Geochemistry (8)Geology (195)Geophysics (29)Herpetology (2)Hydrology (3)Immunology (14)Inorganic Chemistry (10)Linguistics (100)Logic (10)Materials Science (9)Mathematics (203)Medicine (100)Meteorology (12)Microbiology (17)Mineralogy (19)Molecular Biology (20)Mycology (3)Neuroscience (18)Nuclear Physics (10)Oceanography (12)Optics (4)Organic Chemistry (21)Ornithology (7)Paleontology (54)Particle Physics (18)Petrology (15)Pharmacology (13)Philosophy of Science (11)Physics (366)Psychology (7)Seismology (8)Solid-State Physics (5)Statistics (19)Thermodynamics (8)Virology (15)Volcanology (3)Zoology (16)Institution FunctionAllAsian Research Institutes (3)British Universities (12)Disciplinary and Professional Societies (18)Dutch and Nordic Universities (7)European Physical Science Laboratories (4)Federally Funded and University-Affiliated Research Centers (7)French Universities and Colleges (3)German and Austrian Universities (15)Independent Research Institutes (8)Major International Science Prizes (10)Museums and Botanic Gardens (4)National Academies of Sciences (5)National Science and Survey Agencies (5)Observatories (3)Russian and Southern European Universities (4)South and East Asian Universities (7)Space Agencies (5)Swiss Universities and Institutes of Technology (4)United States Universities (35)Field (legacy)AllAbstract algebra and theoretical physics (1)Aeolian processes (1)Aerospace engineering and rocketry (1)Agricultural science and biochemistry (green tea chemistry) (1)agronomy, botany and genetics (1)Algebra, geometry, and astronomy (1)American Indian languages and language typology (1)Analysis, number theory and mathematical notation (1)Anatomy (1)Anatomy and geology (1)Animal ecology (1)Anthropological linguistics (2)Anthropology (7)applied physics, semiconductor heterostructures (1)Artificial Intelligence (1)Asteroseismology, helioseismology (1)Astrochemistry (1)Astronomer and mathematician (2)Astronomy (27)Astronomy and applied mathematics (1)Astronomy and astrophysics (4)Astronomy and celestial mechanics (1)Astronomy and cosmology (1)Astronomy and instrument-making (astrolabe construction) (1)Astronomy and planetary science (2)Astronomy and seismology (1)Astronomy, Astrology, Alchemy (1)Astronomy, Astrology, Mathematics, Natural philosophy (1)Astronomy, Astrophysics (2)Astronomy, celestial mechanics, mathematics (1)Astronomy, geology, natural philosophy (1)Astronomy, hydraulic engineering, and mathematics (1)Astronomy, mathematics and geodesy (1)Astronomy, mathematics and geophysics (1)Astronomy, mathematics, and poetry (1)Astronomy, mathematics, astrology, geography (1)Astronomy, Planetary science (1)Astrophysics (12)Astrophysics (X-ray astronomy) (1)Astrophysics and astrobiology (1)Astrophysics and cosmology (2)Astrophysics, Cosmology (1)Astrophysics, radio astronomy (2)Atomic physics, quantum physics (1)Attosecond physics, Laser science (1)Austronesian languages and syntax (1)Bacteriology (3)Bacteriology and molecular genetics (1)Behavioral genetics and neurogenetics (1)Biochemistry (12)Biochemistry / Virology (1)Biochemistry and crystallography (1)Biochemistry and genetics (1)Biochemistry and molecular biology (1)Biochemistry and pharmacology (1)biochemistry, antibody research (1)Biochemistry, biophysics and molecular biology (1)Biochemistry, molecular biology, cell biology (1)Biochemistry, physiology (1)Biogeography and natural history (1)Biogeology and physical cosmology (1)Biology (4)Biology (genetics, pathology and molecular biology) (1)Biology and biochemistry (1)Biology and cytology (cytogenetics) (1)Biology, comparative anatomy, palaeontology (1)Biology, physics (1)Biomedical science (1)Biophysics (2)Biophysics and chemistry (1)Biotechnology (1)Botany (1)Botany (plant breeding, cytogenetics, phytogeography) (1)Botany / Natural History (2)Botany / Taxonomy (1)Botany / Virology (1)Botany and genetics (1)Botany and heredity (1)Botany and palaeobotany (1)Botany, mycology (1)Calculus and its notation (1)Cell biology (1)Chemical Thermodynamics (1)chemist (2)Chemistry (12)Chemistry (organic chemistry, natural pigments) (1)Chemistry (organometallic catalysis, olefin metathesis) (1)Chemistry (physical chemistry) (1)Chemistry (thermochemistry) (1)Chemistry and alchemy (1)Chemistry and chemical engineering (1)Chemistry and earth sciences (1)Chemistry and Geology (1)Chemistry and medicine (1)Chemistry and microbiology (1)Chemistry and molecular biology (1)Chemistry and natural philosophy (1)Chemistry and pharmacy (1)Chemistry and physics (1)Chemistry and physics, mass spectrometry and isotopes (1)Chemistry and theology (1)Chemistry and X-ray crystallography (1)Chemistry, gas-liquid chromatography (1)Chemistry, invention (1)Chemistry, mineralogy (1)Chemistry, particularly industrial and biochemistry (1)Chemistry, partition and gas-liquid chromatography (1)Chemistry, physics (1)Chemistry, physics, mathematics (1)Chemistry, precision measurement (1)Chemistry, scientific instrumentation (1)Chemistry, spectroscopy (1)Climate science and marine geology (1)Climatology and meteorology (1)Climatology, astronomy, and geophysics (1)Cognitive Science / Computer Science (1)Cognitive Science / Computer Science / Economics (1)Comparative anatomy and vertebrate paleontology (1)Comparative and historical linguistics (1)Comparative and historical linguistics, philology (1)Comparative syntax of the Indo-European languages (1)Computability theory and cryptanalysis (1)Computer architecture (1)Computer architecture and optimizing compiler design (1)Computer architecture and software engineering (1)Computer design (1)Computer Networking (3)Computer Science (29)Computer Science / Cognitive Science (1)Computer science and computer graphics (1)Computer science and mathematics (2)Computer science, artificial intelligence (2)Computer science, computer graphics (1)Computer science, cryptography (1)Computer science, database systems (1)Computer science, deep learning (1)Computer science, mathematics, and logic (1)Computer science, time-sharing operating systems (1)Condensed matter theory (1)Cosmology (2)Cryptography (1)Cryptography and computer science (1)Cryptography and information security (1)Cryptography, computer science, electrical engineering (1)Crystallography (2)Cytology and Biochemistry (1)Dairy engineering and centrifugal separation (1)Database management systems (1)Developmental and cell biology (1)Developmental biology (2)Developmental biology (nuclear transplantation and cloning) (1)Developmental biology and genetics (1)Earth and planetary science (1)Earth science (1)Ecology (1)Ecology and environmental science (1)Economic geology (1)Ecosystem ecology (1)Electrical engineering (2)Electricity and natural philosophy (1)Embryology and developmental biology (1)Engineering (1)Engineering and palaeontology (1)Engineering and printing technology (1)Entomology (1)Entomology and ecology (1)Epidemiology (1)Experimental physics, gravitational wave astronomy (1)Experimental physics, particularly semiconductor physics (1)Experimental psychology and physiology (1)Formal semantics (1)Foundations of geometry, formalism and functional analysis (1)Generative linguistics (1)Genetics (11)Genetics and developmental biology (1)Genetics and evolutionary biology (3)Genetics and genomics (1)Genetics and microbiology (1)Genetics and molecular biology (1)Genetics and Virology (1)Genetics, cytogenetics (1)Genetics, Developmental Biology, Neuroscience (1)Genetics, embryogenesis (1)Genetics, Embryology (1)Genomics (1)Geochemistry (2)Geochemistry and oceanography (1)Geochemistry and volcanology (1)Geochemistry, Chemistry (1)Geochemistry, petrology, planetology (1)Geography (2)Geography and hydrology (1)Geology (58)Geology (petrology) (1)Geology (porphyry copper genesis and plate tectonics) (1)Geology (structural geology and paleontology) (1)Geology and botany (1)Geology and conchology (1)Geology and geochemistry (1)Geology and geochronology (1)Geology and geomorphology (1)Geology and geophysics (6)Geology and hydrogeology (1)Geology and marine geophysics (1)Geology and medicine (1)Geology and mineralogy (5)Geology and mining engineering (1)Geology and oceanographic cartography (1)Geology and palaeontology (2)Geology and paleoclimatology, Quaternary Period (1)Geology and paleomagnetism (1)Geology and paleontology (5)Geology and petrography (2)Geology and petrology (2)Geology and sedimentology (1)Geology and stratigraphy (1)Geology and tectonics (1)Geology of the Himalayas (1)Geology, botany and palaeontology (1)Geology, geochemistry (1)Geology, Geophysics, Geochemistry, Biology (1)Geology, mineralogy (1)Geology, mineralogy, zoology (1)Geology, ornithology and palaeontology (1)Geology, paleoclimatology, oceanography (1)Geology, petroleum exploration (1)Geology, petrology and planetary science (1)Geology, Seismology (1)Geomechanics and structural geology (1)Geometry and astronomy (1)Geometry and the axiomatic method (1)Geomorphology and hydrology (1)Geomorphology and planetary science (1)Geophysics (7)Geophysics (geomagnetism) (1)Geophysics and experimental petrology (1)Geophysics and geodesy (1)Geophysics and geology (1)Geophysics and marine geology, plate tectonics (1)Geophysics and oceanography (2)Geophysics and seismology (1)Geophysics, engineering (1)Germanic philology and historical linguistics (1)Group theory and mathematical physics (1)Hematology, Pediatric oncology, Stem cell biology (1)Herpetology, zoology (1)Histology and neuroanatomy (1)Historical linguistics (1)Historical linguistics and Indo-European studies (1)Historical linguistics and philology (1)History and philosophy of science (1)History, anthropology, and physics (1)Horology, scientific instrument making, geomagnetism (1)Human genetics (1)Hydrogeology (1)Immunology (2)Indo-European languages and the languages of California (1)Indo-European linguistics and historical linguistics (1)Indo-European linguistics, Celtic languages and Albanian (1)Indo-European studies and historical linguistics (1)Internal medicine and gastroenterology (1)Invertebrate paleontology and paleogeography (1)Invertebrate zoology and evolutionary theory (1)Kinetic Theory and Statistical Mechanics (1)Language development, cognitive development (1)Laser science (1)Linguistics (38)Linguistics (syntax) (1)Linguistics and cognitive science (1)Linguistics and literary history (structural functionalism) (1)Linguistics and philology (Sanskrit studies) (1)Linguistics and phonetics (1)Linguistics and statistical linguistics (1)Linguistics, phonetics, speech science (1)Linguistics, Slavic studies, phonology (1)Linguistics, sociolinguistics and linguistic anthropology (1)Logic (1)Logic and philosophy of language (1)Logic, philosophy of language, and mathematics (1)low-temperature physics (1)Marine biology and oceanography (1)Marine geology (1)Materials science (1)Mathematical analysis (analytic capacity) (1)Mathematical logic (1)Mathematical logic and philosophy (1)Mathematical logic and proof theory (1)Mathematical logic and recursion theory (1)Mathematical physics (chaos theory) (1)Mathematical statistics (1)Mathematical statistics and biometrics (1)mathematician (2)Mathematician and astronomer (2)Mathematician, astronomer, philosopher and poet (1)Mathematics (16)Mathematics (algebraic geometry) (1)Mathematics (complex analysis) (1)Mathematics (elliptic functions, dynamics, number theory) (1)Mathematics (fractal geometry) (1)Mathematics (geometry of numbers, mathematical physics) (1)Mathematics (geometry) (1)Mathematics (group theory, complex analysis and geometry) (1)Mathematics (integration theory and real analysis) (1)Mathematics (mathematical analysis) (1)Mathematics (number theory and abstract algebra) (1)Mathematics (probability theory) (2)Mathematics (set theory and mathematical logic) (1)Mathematics and astronomy (6)Mathematics and astronomy (infinite series, trigonometry) (1)Mathematics and computer science (2)Mathematics and computing (1)Mathematics and cosmology (1)Mathematics and law (1)Mathematics and logic (1)Mathematics and mathematical logic (computability theory) (1)Mathematics and mathematical logic (set theory) (1)Mathematics and philosophy (2)Mathematics and Statistics (1)Mathematics, logic and formal language (1)Mathematics, mainly algebra (1)Mathematics, nuclear physics, and computer science (1)Mathematics, Physics (2)Mathematics, physics and astronomy (1)Mathematics, scientific instrument making, astronomy (1)Mathematics, specifically probability theory and statistics (1)Mayan languages, syntax, morphology (1)Mechanical engineering (1)Medical genetics (1)Medical physics (1)Medicine (4)Mesoscopic physics (1)Mesoscopic physics, Electrical engineering (1)Metallography (1)Metamorphic Petrology (1)Meteorology (8)Meteorology and geophysics (1)Meteorology and statistics (1)Microbiology (5)Microbiology / Virology (1)Microbiology and epidemiology (1)Microbiology and genetics (1)Microbiology and medicine (1)Microbiology and microscopy (1)microbiology and tropical medicine (1)Microbiology, Immunology, Genomics (1)Mineralogy (3)Mineralogy and crystallography (1)Mineralogy and geology (2)Molecular Biology (4)Molecular biology and biochemistry (1)Molecular biology and crystallography (1)Molecular Biology and Virology (1)Molecular biology, immunology and neuroscience (1)Molecular genetics (2)Morphology (1)Nanotechnology (scanning tunneling microscopy) (1)Natural History / Zoology (1)Natural history and biogeography (1)Natural history and evolutionary biology (1)Natural history and microscopy (1)Natural philosophy, mathematics and astronomy (1)Neural basis of speech and language processing (1)Neuroanatomy and histology (1)Neurology (1)Neurophysiology (2)Neurophysiology, Biophysics (1)Neuropsychology (1)Nuclear physics (3)Number Theory (2)Number theory, geodesy, differential geometry and astronomy (1)Number theory, infinite series and partition functions (1)Numerical analysis (2)Obstetrics (1)Oceanography (3)Oceanography and marine biology (1)Oceanography and marine conservation (1)Oncology, Pathology (1)Optics and instrument making (2)Optics and the experimental method (1)Organic chemistry (3)Organic chemistry and phytomedicine (1)Organic chemistry, palladium-catalyzed cross-coupling (1)Ornithology, ichthyology (1)Otology (1)Palaeoanthropology and archaeology (1)Palaeobotany (1)Palaeontology (9)Palaeontology and fossil collecting (1)Palaeontology, geology and anthropology (1)Paleoanthropology (2)Paleobiology (1)Paleobotany (3)Paleontology (12)Paleontology and evolutionary biology (1)Paleontology and exploration (1)Paleontology and stratigraphy (1)Paleontology and zoology (1)Paleontology, particularly the evolution of trilobites (1)Particle physics (1)Particle physics and cosmic ray research (1)Pathology / Virology (1)Pediatrics and virology (1)Petrography (1)Petrology (6)Petrology and geochemistry (1)Petrology and geology (1)Petrology and mineralogy, later geochronology (1)Pharmacology (1)Pharmacology and physiology (1)Pharmacology and psychobiology (1)Philology (1)Philology and Oriental studies (1)Philology, semantics, comparative grammar (1)Philosopher, mathematician and scientist (1)Philosophy (1)Philosophy and logic (logical positivism) (1)Philosophy of science (7)Philosophy of science and mathematics (1)Philosophy, logic, and mathematics (1)Phonetics (1)Phonetics and phonology (1)Phonetics, prosody and speech communication (1)Phonology (1)Phonology, generative grammar (1)Physical and colloid chemistry (1)Physical chemistry (1)Physical Metallurgy (1)Physical oceanography (2)physicist (2)Physics (33)Physics (atomic structure, spectroscopy, seismology) (1)Physics (glaciology, low-temperature science) (1)Physics (thermodynamics) (2)Physics and astronomy (1)Physics and chemistry, radioactivity (1)Physics and engineering (thermodynamics) (1)Physics and mathematics (2)Physics and optics, spectroscopy (1)Physics and radio astronomy (1)Physics, atomic structure and mass spectrometry (1)Physics, chemistry (1)Physics, cloud chamber and particle detection (1)Physics, electrical engineering (1)Physics, gravitational wave astronomy (1)Physics, Laser physics, Experimental Gravitation (1)Physics, nuclear physics, particle physics (1)Physics, optical interferometry (1)Physics, particle acceleration (1)Physics, particle accelerator design (1)Physics, particle accelerators (1)Physics, particularly optics and light scattering (1)Physics, particularly solid-state and semiconductor physics (1)Physics, physiology, biophysics (1)Physics, spectroscopy (1)Physics, thermometry (1)Physiology (3)Physiology, immunology (1)Physiology, Pharmacology (1)Planetary astronomy (1)Planetary geology, volcanology, comparative planetology (1)Plant biology (1)Plant science and genetics (1)Population genetics (1)Pragmatics and semantics (1)Probability and statistics (1)Psycholinguistics (2)Psychology / Cognitive Science (1)Psychology and linguistics (2)Pulsars, Neutron stars, Astrophysics (1)Quantum computing and quantum information (1)Quantum mechanics (1)Quaternary geology, geomorphology and geochronology (1)Radio astronomy (2)Radiochemistry (1)Sedimentology and marine geology (1)Sedimentology and petrology (1)Seismology (6)Seismology and physics (1)Set theory and mathematics (1)Sociolinguistics (2)Sociolinguistics (sociology of language) (1)Sociolinguistics, forensic linguistics (1)Sociolinguistics, variation theory (1)Space physics, magnetospheric physics (1)Statistical Mechanics (1)Statistical physics (1)Statistics (6)Statistics and data analysis (1)Statistics and population genetics (1)Statistics and public health (1)Stem cell biology and regenerative medicine (1)Stratigraphy (geology of the Alps) (1)Structural geology (6)Structural geology, economic geology and volcanology (1)Structural geology, mineralogy and petrography (1)Structural linguistics (2)Structural linguistics and semiotics, Indo-European studies (1)Surgery and geology (1)Surgery and medicine (1)Surgery and physiology (1)Syntactic theory (1)Syntax (1)Syntax of English and the Romance languages (1)Syntax, phonology (1)Tectonic modelling (1)Telecommunications, networking (1)Theoretical computer science and combinatorial algorithms (1)Theoretical computer science, automata theory and algorithms (1)Theoretical linguistics (1)Theoretical Physics (15)Theoretical physics (quantum optics and quantum information) (1)Theoretical Physics / Particle Physics (1)Theoretical physics, Cosmology (1)Theoretical physics, gravitational wave astronomy (1)Theoretical physics, mathematical physics and mathematics (1)Theoretical physics, Physical cosmology (1)Thermodynamics (2)Thermodynamics and philosophy of science (1)Usage-based phonology, grammaticalization (1)Vertebrate palaeontology, especially fossil reptiles (1)Vertebrate paleontology (1)Virology (4)Virology and cancer research (1)Virology and Immunology (1)Volcanology, geology (1)X-ray Crystallography (3)Zoology and ecology (1)Zoology and evolutionary biology (1)Zoology and evolutionary biology, particularly ethology (1)Zoology and palaeontology (1)Zoophysiology (1)Founded EraAll1088 (1)1096 (1)1209 (1)1222 (1)1343 (1)1365 (1)1386 (1)1388 (1)1402 (1)1409 (1)1451 (1)1457 (1)1472 (1)1477 (2)1479 (1)1530 (1)1538 (1)1546 (1)1558 (1)1559 (1)1575 (1)1582 (1)1585 (1)1632 (1)1636 (2)1660 (1)1666 (1)1669 (1)1675 (1)1701 (2)1724 (2)1731 (1)1734 (1)1746 (1)1754 (1)1755 (2)1759 (1)1764 (1)1769 (1)1787 (1)1794 (1)1799 (1)1807 (1)1809 (1)1810 (1)1811 (1)1816 (1)1817 (1)1818 (1)1820 (1)1826 (1)1829 (1)1833 (1)1839 (2)1846 (1)1848 (2)1850 (2)1851 (2)1853 (1)1854 (2)1857 (1)1861 (1)1863 (1)1864 (1)1865 (2)1868 (1)1869 (2)1870 (1)1874 (1)1876 (3)1877 (1)1878 (1)1879 (1)1881 (2)1883 (1)1885 (1)1887 (1)1890 (2)1891 (2)1893 (1)1895 (1)1899 (1)1900 (2)1901 (2)1902 (2)1904 (1)1906 (1)1907 (1)1909 (3)1911 (2)1912 (1)1915 (1)1917 (4)1918 (2)1921 (1)1923 (1)1924 (1)1925 (1)1930 (2)1933 (1)1934 (2)1936 (2)1939 (2)1942 (1)1943 (1)1945 (1)1946 (1)1947 (2)1949 (1)1950 (1)1954 (1)1957 (1)1958 (1)1960 (1)1961 (1)1962 (1)1966 (1)1967 (1)1969 (3)1974 (1)1975 (1)1978 (1)1979 (1)1981 (1)1985 (1)1989 (1)2003 (2)2012 (1)EraAll626 BCE (1)-570 (1)520 BCE (1)460 BCE (1)408 BCE (1)384 BCE (1)371 BCE (1)323 BCE (1)287 BCE (1)-240 (1)78 (1)100 (1)200 (1)225 (1)370 (1)429 (1)476 (1)505 (1)598 (1)721 (1)780 (1)801 (1)826 (1)936 (1)965 (1)973 (1)980 (1)1020 (1)1031 (1)1048 (1)1061 (1)1114 (1)1136 (1)1170 (1)1201 (1)1215 (1)1231 (1)1340 (1)1394 (1)1437 (1)1473 (1)1501 (1)1514 (1)1520 (1)1535 (1)1546 (1)1550 (1)1561 (1)1564 (1)1570 (1)1571 (1)1578 (1)1587 (1)1588 (1)1596 (1)1597 (1)1601 (1)1602 (1)1608 (1)1618 (1)1623 (1)1625 (1)1627 (2)1629 (1)1632 (1)1635 (3)1638 (1)1642 (1)1646 (2)1647 (1)1656 (1)1659 (1)1666 (1)1673 (1)1679 (1)1682 (1)1686 (1)1702 (1)1704 (1)1706 (2)1707 (2)1712 (1)1713 (1)1718 (1)1724 (1)1726 (2)1730 (1)1731 (1)1733 (1)1735 (2)1736 (2)1738 (1)1742 (1)1743 (1)1744 (2)1745 (1)1746 (2)1749 (3)1750 (1)1752 (1)1753 (1)1754 (1)1758 (1)1759 (1)1765 (2)1766 (1)1767 (2)1768 (1)1769 (3)1772 (1)1773 (2)1774 (1)1775 (1)1776 (1)1777 (2)1778 (1)1779 (2)1780 (2)1781 (1)1784 (4)1785 (4)1787 (3)1789 (3)1790 (1)1791 (3)1792 (3)1793 (3)1794 (3)1795 (3)1796 (2)1797 (3)1798 (3)1799 (4)1800 (5)1801 (2)1802 (3)1803 (2)1804 (4)1805 (4)1806 (3)1807 (2)1808 (2)1809 (5)1810 (1)1811 (4)1812 (2)1813 (3)1814 (2)1815 (3)1816 (1)1817 (3)1818 (3)1819 (2)1820 (2)1821 (4)1822 (5)1823 (3)1824 (2)1825 (1)1826 (2)1827 (4)1828 (1)1829 (3)1830 (2)1831 (4)1832 (6)1833 (3)1834 (3)1835 (4)1836 (2)1837 (1)1838 (3)1839 (2)1840 (2)1842 (5)1843 (6)1844 (2)1845 (4)1846 (4)1847 (1)1848 (4)1849 (6)1850 (8)1851 (3)1852 (10)1853 (4)1854 (9)1855 (5)1856 (4)1857 (11)1858 (12)1859 (5)1860 (6)1861 (6)1862 (6)1863 (4)1864 (6)1865 (5)1866 (5)1867 (2)1868 (12)1869 (7)1870 (4)1871 (7)1872 (4)1873 (5)1874 (6)1875 (7)1876 (5)1877 (10)1878 (2)1879 (11)1880 (3)1881 (13)1882 (12)1883 (3)1884 (11)1885 (7)1886 (7)1887 (14)1888 (8)1889 (11)1890 (10)1891 (14)1892 (8)1893 (8)1894 (11)1895 (8)1896 (8)1897 (16)1898 (9)1899 (6)1900 (18)1901 (11)1902 (18)1903 (19)1904 (15)1905 (11)1906 (19)1907 (11)1908 (16)1909 (11)1910 (9)1911 (14)1912 (12)1913 (13)1914 (14)1915 (17)1916 (14)1917 (19)1918 (20)1919 (11)1920 (19)1921 (15)1922 (19)1923 (12)1924 (16)1925 (18)1926 (17)1927 (21)1928 (23)1929 (22)1930 (21)1931 (31)1932 (21)1933 (18)1934 (18)1935 (14)1936 (22)1937 (17)1938 (22)1939 (24)1940 (18)1941 (33)1942 (21)1943 (27)1944 (17)1945 (25)1946 (23)1947 (24)1948 (16)1949 (20)1950 (16)1951 (19)1952 (16)1953 (11)1954 (18)1955 (16)1956 (14)1957 (8)1958 (12)1959 (15)1960 (8)1961 (7)1962 (9)1963 (8)1964 (8)1965 (4)1966 (6)1967 (6)1968 (6)1969 (4)1970 (7)1971 (1)1972 (3)1973 (3)1974 (3)1975 (4)1976 (3)1977 (2)1978 (1)1979 (3)1981 (2)1983 (2)1984 (2)1985 (2)1987 (2)1988 (1)1989 (2)1991 (1)FounderAllAlfred Nobel (1)Benjamin Thompson, Count Rumford (1)Cyril Stanley Smith (1)George Ellery Hale (1)J. Robert Oppenheimer (1)James Smithson (1)John Flamsteed (1)John Kendrew (1)Jokichi Takamine (1)Leonard Bloomfield (1)Louis Pasteur (1)Marie Curie (1)Richard Owen (1)Robert FitzRoy (1)Vilhelm Bjerknes (1)InstitutionAllAcademie des Sciences (6)American Anthropological Association (2)American Association for the Advancement of Science (55)American Chemical Society (11)American Museum of Natural History (5)American Physical Society (109)American Statistical Association (7)Association for Computing Machinery (28)Bell Labs (30)Bose Institute (3)Brookhaven National Laboratory (3)Brown University (3)California Institute of Technology (14)Carnegie Mellon University (4)Case Western Reserve University (2)Cavendish Laboratory (10)CERN (8)Chinese Academy of Sciences (7)Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory (5)Collège de France (15)Columbia University (71)Cornell University (8)Curie Institute (2)Dartmouth College (1)Ecole Polytechnique (13)Ecological Society of America (1)ETH Zurich (12)European Molecular Biology Laboratory (2)Fermilab (3)French National Centre for Scientific Research (2)Geophysical Institute, Bergen (1)Ghent University (1)Harvard College Observatory (6)Harvard University (21)Hebrew University of Jerusalem (3)Heidelberg University (11)Hokkaido University (2)Humboldt University of Berlin (19)Imperial College London (7)Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science (5)Indian Institute of Science (9)Institut Pasteur (5)Institute for Advanced Study (42)Institute for the Study of Metals (1)Jadavpur University (8)Jet Propulsion Laboratory (1)Johns Hopkins University (9)Karolinska Institute (3)King's College London (11)Lebedev Physical Institute (5)Leiden University (5)Leipzig University (7)Linguistic Society of America (51)London Mathematical Society (2)London School of Economics (6)Los Alamos National Laboratory (6)Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich (10)Martin Luther University of Halle-Wittenberg (4)Massachusetts Institute of Technology (74)Max Planck Society (30)Met Office (1)Moscow State University (8)Mount Wilson Observatory (3)Nagoya University (3)NASA (10)National Academy of Sciences (324)National Physical Laboratory (3)National Science Foundation (1)Natural History Museum, London (1)Northwestern University (3)Ohio State University (6)Princeton University (19)Purdue University (4)RIKEN (5)Rockefeller University (4)Royal Astronomical Society (14)Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew (2)Royal Institution (7)Royal Observatory, Greenwich (2)Royal Society (226)Russian Academy of Sciences (6)Saint Petersburg State University (3)SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory (5)Smithsonian Institution (2)Stanford University (19)Stockholm University (5)The Geological Society of London (23)Trinity College, Cambridge (5)United States Geological Survey (8)University College London (9)University of Amsterdam (4)University of Bologna (1)University of Bonn (11)University of Bristol (3)University of Calcutta (11)University of California, Berkeley (19)University of California, Los Angeles (9)University of California, San Diego (5)University of California, San Francisco (3)University of California, Santa Barbara (2)University of Cambridge (28)University of Chicago (20)University of Cologne (3)University of Copenhagen (10)University of Dhaka (4)University of Edinburgh (8)University of Freiburg (5)University of Geneva (4)University of Glasgow (4)University of Graz (4)University of Göttingen (14)University of Innsbruck (3)University of Jena (3)University of Manchester (10)University of Oslo (5)University of Oxford (6)University of Padua (2)University of Pennsylvania (7)University of Pisa (1)University of Pittsburgh (4)University of Rochester (6)University of Strasbourg (10)University of Sussex (3)University of Texas at Austin (5)University of Tokyo (6)University of Tübingen (5)University of Utah (1)University of Vienna (4)University of Wisconsin-Madison (3)University of Wrocław (3)University of Würzburg (5)University of Zurich (10)Uppsala University (4)Utrecht University (3)Washington University in St. Louis (2)Weizmann Institute of Science (9)Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution (2)Yale University (11)École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (3)In GroupAllAlgebra And Number Theory (34)Analysis (8)Analytical Chemists (7)Applied Mathematics (8)Astrophysics And Cosmology (21)Atomic, Molecular And Optical Physics (34)Biochemistry (16)Biochemists (48)Botany (14)Classical And Theoretical Physicists Before 1900 (25)Classical And Theoretical Physicists Since 1950 (25)Classical And Theoretical Physicists, 1900 to 1949 (76)Combinatorics (1)Computational Linguistics (8)Condensed Matter Physics (47)Cosmology And Large-Scale Structure (21)Ecology And Evolutionary Biology (22)Galactic And Extragalactic Astronomy (10)Genetics And Molecular Biology (40)Geologists (86)Geometry And Topology (56)Geophysicists And Seismologists (56)Historical And Classical Astronomers (8)Historical And Comparative Linguistics (6)Historical And Foundational Chemists (Pre-1900) (37)Historical And Foundational Mathematicians (2)Hydrologists And Glaciologists (7)Inorganic Chemists (4)Logic And Foundations (6)Meteorologists And Climatologists (9)Microbiology (16)Mineralogists And Petrologists (36)Neuroscience (12)Nuclear Physics (30)Observatory Builders And Instrumentation (14)Oceanographers (13)Organic Chemists (63)Other Astronomers (11)Other Chemists (93)Other Earth Scientists (17)Other Life Scientists (28)Other Linguists (13)Other Mathematicians (17)Other Physics (23)Paleontologists (73)Particle And High-Energy Physics (42)Phonology And Phonetics (24)Physical Chemists (46)Physiology And Medicine (42)Planetary Science And Solar System Astronomy (41)Polymer And Materials Chemists (19)Probability And Statistics (11)Psycholinguistics (11)Quantum Physics And Quantum Information (30)Radio And Multi-Messenger Astronomy (12)Semantics And Pragmatics (11)Sociolinguistics (11)Stellar Astronomy And Astrophysics (23)Syntax And Generative Grammar (24)Thermodynamics And Statistical Mechanics (8)Volcanologists (14)Zoology (10)LocationAllAmsterdam (1)Austin (1)Baltimore (1)Belgium (1)Bengaluru (1)Berkeley (1)Berlin (1)Bologna (1)Bristol (1)Cambridge (2)Cambridge, Massachusetts (1)Chicago (1)China (1)City of Westminster (1)Cleveland (1)Cologne (1)Columbus (1)Copenhagen (1)Daejeon (1)Dhaka (1)Edinburgh (1)England (1)France (5)Freiburg im Breisgau (1)Geneva (1)Germany (4)Ghent (1)Graz (1)Göttingen (1)Halle (Saale) (1)Heidelberg (1)India (2)Innsbruck (1)Israel (2)Italy (1)Ithaca (1)Japan (2)Jerusalem (1)Kolkata (3)Lausanne (1)Leiden (1)Leipzig (1)London (4)Los Angeles (1)Madison (1)Manchester (1)Moscow (3)Munich (1)Nagoya (1)New Haven (1)New Jersey (1)New York City (1)Norway (3)Oslo (1)Oxford (1)Paris (2)Pasadena (1)Philadelphia (1)Pisa (1)Pittsburgh (2)Princeton (1)Providence (1)Saint Petersburg (1)Salt Lake City (1)San Diego (1)San Francisco (1)Sapporo (1)St. Louis (1)Stanford (1)Stockholm (1)Strasbourg (1)Sweden (1)Switzerland (1)Tokyo (2)United Kingdom (14)United States (35)Uppsala (1)Utrecht (1)Vienna (1)Washington, D.C. (1)Wrocław (1)Würzburg (1)Zurich (2)NationalityAllAbbasid Caliphate (3)Ancient Rome (1)Argentina (3)Armenia (3)Australia (15)Australia (4)Austria (32)Austria-Hungary (6)Austrian Empire (2)Bangladesh (11)Belgium (14)Bohemia (1)Brazil (4)Bulgaria (1)Byzantine Empire (1)Canada (54)China (21)Classical Athens (2)Croatia (1)Czechia (1)Czechoslovakia (2)Denmark (22)Duchy of Milan (1)Eastern Han (1)Egypt (2)Electorate of Hanover (1)Electorate of Saxony (1)England (1)Finland (5)France (108)German Empire (11)German Reich (4)Germany (137)Ghana (1)Grand Duchy of Tuscany (2)Greece (10)Hamdanid dynasty (1)Holy Roman Empire (2)Hungary (16)India (82)Indonesia (1)Iran (7)Iraq (1)Ireland (44)Israel (24)Italy (20)Jamaica (1)Japan (45)Kenya (3)Kingdom of Bavaria (2)Kingdom of Hanover (3)Kingdom of Italy (5)Kingdom of Prussia (17)Kingdom of Sicily (1)Latvia (1)Lebanon (1)Lithuania (1)Liu Song dynasty (1)Luxembourg (1)Marinid dynasty (1)Mexico (1)Morocco (1)Netherlands (33)New Zealand (9)Nigeria (1)Norway (18)Pakistan (5)Poland (9)Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth (1)Portugal (1)Prince-Bishopric of Speyer (1)Romania (4)Russia (22)Russian Empire (19)Saudi Arabia (1)Seljuk Empire (1)Senegal (1)Serbia (1)Slovenia (1)South Africa (6)South Korea (1)Southern Qi (1)Soviet Union (22)Spain (5)Sweden (32)Switzerland (34)Taiwan (5)Timurid Empire (1)Trinidad and Tobago (1)Tunisia (1)Turkey (2)Ukraine (4)United Kingdom (334)United States (796)Venezuela (1)Vietnam (2)Wattasid dynasty (1)Weimar Republic (6)Show ResultsBrowseCompareSelect all 100Larry LaudanFormal SciencesLarry M. HymanLinguisticsLars AhlforsMathematicsLars HörmanderMathematicsLars OnsagerChemistryLasker AwardPrizes and AwardsLaurence L. SlossEarth SciencesLaurence R. HornLinguisticsLaurent LafforgueMathematicsLaurent SchwartzMathematicsLaurent-Guillaume de KoninckEarth SciencesLazarus FletcherEarth SciencesLebedev Physical InstituteResearch Institutes and LaboratoriesLee Sang-mookEarth SciencesLeiden UniversityUniversities and CollegesLeipzig UniversityUniversities and CollegesLennart LindegrenAstronomyLenur ArifovPhysicsLeo EsakiPhysicsLeo KadanoffPhysicsLeon M. LedermanPhysicsLeon N. CooperPhysicsLeonard AdlemanComputer ScienceLeonard BloomfieldLinguisticsLeonard HawkesEarth SciencesLeonard Johnston WillsEarth SciencesLeonard SusskindPhysicsLeonardo of PisaMathematicsLeonhard EulerMathematicsLeopold KroneckerMathematicsLeopold RuzickaChemistryLeopold von BuchEarth SciencesLeslie LamportComputer ScienceLeslie ValiantComputer ScienceLev LandauPhysicsLev PontryaginMathematicsLewis Fry RichardsonEarth SciencesLi GuohaoPhysical SciencesLiang BoqiangMedicineLila GleitmanLinguisticsLinguistic Society of AmericaLearned Societies and AssociationsLinus PaulingChemistryLise MeitnerPhysicsLise MennLinguisticsLiu HuiMathematicsLondon Mathematical SocietyLearned Societies and AssociationsLondon School of EconomicsUniversities and CollegesLord RayleighPhysicsLos Alamos National LaboratoryResearch Institutes and LaboratoriesLouis AgassizEarth SciencesLouis BrusChemistryLouis de BrogliePhysicsLouis HjelmslevLinguisticsLouis LeakeyLife SciencesLouis NéelPhysicsLouis PasteurChemistryLouis Plack HammettChemistryLuc MontagnierMedicineLudwig BoltzmannPhysicsLudwig Maximilian University of MunichUniversities and CollegesLuis Federico LeloirLife SciencesLuis Walter AlvarezPhysicsLuke HowardEarth SciencesLuna B. LeopoldEarth SciencesLyman PagePhysicsLynn MargulisLife SciencesLynne E. MaquatGeneticsM. Frederick HawthorneChemistryM. Gordon WolmanEarth SciencesM. King HubbertEarth SciencesM. Stanley WhittinghamChemistryMaarten SchmidtAstronomyMadhava of SangamagramaFormal SciencesMadhulika GuhathakurtaAstronomyMadhusudan GuptaLife SciencesMagdalena BezanillaLife SciencesManfred EigenChemistryManfred von ArdennePhysicsMani Lal BhaumikPhysicsManjul BhargavaMathematicsManne SiegbahnPhysicsManuel BerberianEarth SciencesManuel BlumComputer ScienceMarcellin BerthelotChemistryMarcellin BouleEarth SciencesMargaret BurbidgeAstronomyMargaret MeadLife SciencesMaria Goeppert MayerPhysicsMaria MitchellAstronomyMaria Sibylla MerianLife SciencesMariam al-IjliyaAstronomyMarianne MithunLinguisticsMarie CuriePhysicsMarie TharpEarth SciencesMario CapecchiGeneticsMario MolinaChemistryMark AronoffLinguisticsMark LibermanLinguisticsMark StonekingLife SciencesMarland P. BillingsEarth Sciences← Previous1…1112131415…21Next →Comments (0)No comments yet. Be the first to share a thought.Sign in to join the discussion.Reader Challenges (0)No disputes yet. Spotted an error or a better source? Open the first one.Sign in to dispute this or suggest a correction.