Mathematics

This subcategory gathers theories belonging to mathematics: the theorems, principles and foundational results describing number, structure, space, probability and formal proof itself, including calculus and analysis, geometry beyond the Euclidean case, foundational and incompleteness results in logic, and the core theorems of probability and statistics. A theory placed here proves or formalizes a mathematical relationship, distinct from a theory whose primary content is computational (an algorithm's own behavior) or a theory drawn from linguistics or the philosophy of science, which stay at the broader Formal Sciences level or move to computer science.