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Biogeography
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Biogeography is the study of the geographic distribution of plants, animals and other forms of life and the physical, historical and ecological factors that shape it. Alexander von Humboldt's quantitative studies of how climate, altitude and soil determine plant distribution, published in his 1807 Essay on the Geography of Plants, are generally credited with founding the field, and Charles Darwin devoted two chapters of On the Origin of Species to the geographic distribution of organisms.
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