Sciences of the rocks, structure and history of the solid Earth, including geology, geophysics, seismology, volcanology, mineralogy, petrology, geochemistry and paleontology. A discipline belongs here when its cited article calls it a branch of geology or of the study of the solid Earth. It excludes atmospheric and ocean sciences, which sit in their own group. Browse By lists these entries together so that a reader can move from one to the next and compare how each is described in the sources of the atlas.
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Solid Earth Sciences
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Geology (Wikipedia)
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is a branch of natural science concerned with the Earth and other astronomical bodies, the rocks of which they are composed, and the processes by which they change over time
Geophysics (Wikipedia)
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is a physical science concerned with the processes and properties of Earth and its surrounding space environment, studied using quantitative and observational methods
Seismology (Wikipedia)
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is the scientific study of earthquakes (or generally, quakes) and the generation and propagation of elastic waves through planetary bodies
Wikipedia: Volcanology
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is the study of volcanoes, lava, magma, and related geological, geophysical and geochemical phenomena (volcanism)
Mineralogy (Wikipedia)
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is a subject of geology specializing in the scientific study of the chemistry, crystal structure, and physical (including optical) properties of minerals and mineralized artif
Petrology (Wikipedia)
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is the branch of geology that studies rocks, their mineralogy, composition, texture, structure and the conditions under which they form
Geochemistry (Wikipedia)
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is the science that uses the tools and principles of chemistry to explain the mechanisms behind major geological systems such as the Earth's crust and its oceans
Wikipedia: Paleontology
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is the scientific study of the life of the past, mainly but not exclusively through the study of fossils
Earth Science (Wikipedia)
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Earth science or geoscience includes all fields of natural science related to planet Earth.
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