Earth science, also called geoscience, is the umbrella field for the natural sciences of the planet: the study of its solid geosphere, its water in the hydrosphere and cryosphere, its atmosphere, and the living biosphere as these interact. Its constituent branches, geology, geophysics, oceanography, meteorology and atmospheric science, and paleontology among them, each grew up on their own timeline rather than under one founding moment; atmospheric science, for instance, only took shape in the late nineteenth century once weather forecasting demanded it, while hydrology traces working knowledge back to ancient water engineering long before it became a science. This entity is the parent this atlas's own separately-founded earth-science disciplines belong to; no single founding year is recorded here for that reason.
Facts
Central QuestionSourced to the subject's own accountHow do the solid Earth, oceans, atmosphere and living things interact as one coupled system, and how has that system changed across the planet's 4.5 billion year history? 1 ScopeSourced to the subject's own accountEarth science is the umbrella term for the sciences of the planet Earth, including geology, oceanography, meteorology, glaciology and soil science, studied both as separate spheres and as one interacting Earth system. 1 SignificanceSourced to the subject's own accountAlexander von Humboldt's early nineteenth century expeditions across the Americas, recording climate, geology, magnetism and vegetation together rather than in isolation, are widely credited with establishing the holistic, comparative approach that later Earth system science formalized. 1 Connections
Founded By
Credited with establishing the field's holistic comparative method rather than with founding any one of its constituent sciences.
Source Earth Science (Wikipedia)
Has Scientist
Source Wikipedia: Christopher Hawkesworth
Source Wikipedia: James Jackson (geophysicist)
Source James Lovelock (Wikipedia)
Source Manuel Berberian (Wikipedia)
Source Roger Revelle (Wikipedia)
Source William R. Dickinson (Wikipedia)
Has Theory
Source Gaia Hypothesis (Wikipedia)
Sources
1. Earth Science (Wikipedia)
WikipediaLead and Historical development
Earth science or geoscience includes all fields of natural science related to planet Earth. ... Atmospheric science initially developed in the late-19th century as a means to forecast the weather through meteorology, the study of weather.
lead
Earth science or geoscience includes all fields of natural science related to planet Earth.
- In Category: Disciplines
- Founded By: Alexander von Humboldt
In Group: Solid Earth Sciences, Article text
Earth science or geoscience includes all fields of natural science related to planet Earth.
View the Source Geophysics (Britannica)
Georges Cuvier (Britannica)
Challenger Expedition (Britannica)
Meteorology (Wikipedia)
James Hutton (Britannica)
Roger Revelle (Wikipedia)
WikipediaHas Scientist: Roger Revelle, LeadQuote, Has Scientist: Roger Revelle, Lead
was among the early scientists to study anthropogenic global warming, as well as the movement of Earth's tectonic plates
Wikipedia: Christopher Hawkesworth
Has Scientist: Christopher Hawkesworth, Lead sentenceQuote, Has Scientist: Christopher Hawkesworth, Lead sentence
Christopher John Hawkesworth FRS FRSE (born 18 December 1947) is a British earth scientist, and former Deputy Principal and Vice-Principal for Research, at University of St Andrews.
Manuel Berberian (Wikipedia)
Has Scientist: Manuel Berberian, Lead sentenceQuote, Has Scientist: Manuel Berberian, Lead sentence
Manuel Berberian is an Iranian-Armenian earth scientist.
James Lovelock (Wikipedia)
WikipediaHas Scientist: James Lovelock, Infobox: fieldQuote, Has Scientist: James Lovelock, Infobox: field
Chemistry earth science
Wikipedia: James Jackson (geophysicist)
Has Scientist: James A. Jackson, Lead, sentence 1Quote, Has Scientist: James A. Jackson, Lead, sentence 1
James Anthony Jackson CBE FRS (born 12 December 1954) is Emeritus Professor of Active Tectonics and formerly head of Bullard Laboratories, and Head of the Department of Earth Sciences, Cambridge University.
William R. Dickinson (Wikipedia)
Has Scientist: William R. Dickinson, Lead, sentence 1Quote, Has Scientist: William R. Dickinson, Lead, sentence 1
William Richard Dickinson (October 26, 1931, July 21, 2015) was a professor emeritus of geoscience at the University of Arizona and a member of the U.S. National Academy of Sciences.
Gaia Hypothesis (Wikipedia)
WikipediaHas Theory: Gaia Hypothesis, Lead, sentence 1Quote, Has Theory: Gaia Hypothesis, Lead, sentence 1
The Gaia hypothesis (), also known as the Gaia theory, Gaia paradigm, or the Gaia principle, proposes that living organisms interact with their inorganic surroundings on Earth to form a synergistic and self-regulating complex system that helps to maintain and perpetuate the conditions for life on the planet.
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