Joshua Fishman was an American linguist and a founder of the sociology of language, a field studying the relationship between language and the social structures and institutions in which it is used. Fishman developed domain analysis, a framework describing how multilingual speakers systematically use different languages in different social settings, such as home, school, work or religion, and he extended the concept of diglossia, originally describing two varieties of one language in complementary social use, to cases involving entirely separate languages. In his 1991 book Reversing Language Shift, Fishman set out an influential staged framework, the Graded Intergenerational Disruption Scale, for assessing how endangered a language's transmission is and what kinds of intervention could help restore intergenerational transmission to children, work that became widely used in language revitalization efforts worldwide. Fishman was also a major scholar of Yiddish sociolinguistics and language planning more broadly, and he taught for decades at Yeshiva University in New York.
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Birth YearSourced to the subject's own account Birth DateSourced to the subject's own account Death DateSourced to the subject's own account Death YearSourced to the subject's own account FieldSourced to the subject's own accountSociolinguistics (sociology of language) 1 Death PlaceSourced to the subject's own accountThe Bronx, New York, United States 1 NationalitySourced to the subject's own account Notable WorkSourced to the subject's own accountReversing Language Shift (1991), which introduced the Graded Intergenerational Disruption Scale 1 BirthplaceSourced to the subject's own accountPhiladelphia, Pennsylvania, United States 1 Field
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Source Joshua Fishman (Wikipedia)
Source Joshua Fishman (Wikipedia)
Source Joshua Fishman (Wikipedia)
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Source Joshua Fishman (Wikipedia)Lead sentence 1tier 3Quote, Lead sentence 1
Joshua Fishman (Yiddish: שיקל פֿישמאַן — Shikl Fishman; July 18, 1926 – March 1, 2015) was an American linguist who specialized in the sociology of language, language planning, bilingual education, and language and ethnicity.
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1. Joshua Fishman (Wikipedia)
WikipediaIntroduction, opening sentence
Joshua Fishman (Yiddish: שיקל פֿישמאַן, Shikl Fishman; July 18, 1926, March 1, 2015) was an American linguist who specialized in the sociology of language, language planning, bilingual education, and language and ethnicity.
Early life and education section
Joshua A. Fishman (Yiddish name Shikl) was born and raised in Philadelphia.
Special honors section
He died in the Bronx, New York, on March 1, 2015, at the age of 88.
Impact section
Fishman devised the influential Graded Intergenerational Disruption Scale (GIDS), used for determining whether languages are endangered, in his book Reversing Language Shift.
Article text, pronoun use
His sister was the poet Rukhl Fishman.
Member Of: Stanford University, Career
In 1988, he became professor emeritus and became affiliated with a number of other institutions: Visiting Professor and Visiting Scholar, School of Education, Applied Linguistics and Department of Linguistics, Stanford University; Adjunct Professor of Multilingual and Multicultural Education, School of Education, New York University; Visiting Professor of Linguistics, City University of New York, Graduate Center.
Member Of: Institute for Advanced Study, Career
He has held visiting appointments and fellowships at over a dozen institutions around the world, including the Center for Advanced Study in the Behavioral Sciences (Stanford, CA) and the Institute for Advanced Study (Princeton, NJ).
Member Of: University of Pennsylvania, Early life and education
He attended the University of Pennsylvania on a Mayor's Scholarship, 1944-1948, earning a B.S.
Works In: Linguistics, Lead sentence
Joshua Fishman (Yiddish: שיקל פֿישמאַן, Shikl Fishman; July 18, 1926 - March 1, 2015) was an American linguist who specialized in the sociology of language, language planning, bilingual education, and language and ethnicity.
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