Martin Ruland the Younger

Martin Ruland the Younger (1569 to 1611), also known as Martinus Rulandus or Martin Rulandt, was a German physician and alchemist. He was born in the Bavarian town of Lauingen, the son of the physician and alchemist Martin Ruland the Elder. He practised at Regensburg during the 1590s and became city physician there in 1594, and later practised at Prague, where he belonged to the retinue of Emperor Rudolf II at a Habsburg court that promoted the study of alchemy and astrology during Rudolf's reign. Rudolf conferred nobility on him in 1608. He edited his father's works, and wrote on alchemy himself: the Lapidis philosophici vera conficiendi ratio, on the true method of completing the philosopher's stone, of 1606, a Defence of Alchemy and the Progymnasmata alchemiae sive problemata chymica of 1607, and above all the Lexicon alchemiae, a dictionary of alchemy, of 1612. That Lexicon is cited by the Swiss psychologist Carl Jung in his writings on alchemy, and A. E. Waite translated it into English.