Egas Moniz

Antonio Egas Moniz was a Portuguese neurologist who developed cerebral angiography, a technique for imaging blood vessels in the brain, and is regarded as a founder of modern psychosurgery through his development of the surgical procedure leucotomy, later known as lobotomy. In 1949 he became the first Portuguese national to receive a Nobel Prize, awarded in Physiology or Medicine and shared with Walter Rudolf Hess. His legacy became increasingly controversial by the late twentieth century, as lobotomy came to be viewed as an outdated and harmful procedure, with critics calling for his Nobel Prize to be rescinded.