A high-performance liquid chromatograph, commonly abbreviated HPLC, is an analytical instrument that separates the individual components of a liquid mixture by pumping it at high pressure through a column packed with a fine solid material, the components traveling through the column at different rates depending on how strongly each interacts with the packing material, so that they emerge separated and can be identified and measured by a detector as they exit. Developed from the 1960s onward as an evolution of earlier, slower column chromatography techniques, high-performance liquid chromatography took advantage of newly developed high-pressure pumps and finely particulate column packings to dramatically improve separation resolution and speed. HPLC is now one of the most widely used analytical techniques in chemistry, employed extensively in pharmaceutical development and quality control, environmental testing, food safety analysis and biochemistry, wherever the components of a complex mixture need to be separated, identified and quantified with high precision.
Facts
MeasuresSourced to the subject's own accountSeparates, identifies and quantifies specific components (analytes) within liquid mixtures. 1 Operating PrincipleSourced to the subject's own accountA pressurized form of column chromatography: high-pressure pumps force a liquid mobile phase through thin, long columns packed with small adsorbent particles instead of relying on gravity. 1 ResolutionSourced to the subject's own accountUsing smaller packing particles under higher backpressure typically improves chromatographic resolution, the degree of separation between neighboring analyte peaks. 1 Operating RangeSourced to the subject's own accountOperates at pressures far higher than ordinary gravity-fed liquid chromatography, roughly 50 to 1400 bar. 1 Classification
Instrument ClassSourced to the subject's own account Connections
Used In
High-performance liquid chromatography separates and quantifies compounds in a mixture under high pressure, a workhorse instrument of analytical chemistry.
Sources
1. High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (Wikipedia)
WikipediaLead section, opening sentence
High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), formerly referred to as high-pressure liquid chromatography, is a chromatography technique in analytical chemistry used to separate, identify, and quantify specific components (analytes) in mixtures.
Lead section
HPLC is essentially a pressurized form of column chromatography, which uses pressurized pumps instead of the force of gravity, and thinner and longer columns with smaller adsorbent particles.
Operation section
HPLC is distinguished from traditional ("low pressure") liquid chromatography because operational pressures are significantly higher (around 50-1400 bar), while ordinary liquid chromatography typically relies on the force of gravity to pass the mobile phase through the packed column.
Lede, instrument class
A high-performance liquid chromatograph, commonly abbreviated HPLC, is an analytical instrument that separates the individual components of a liquid mixture by pumping it at high pressure through a column packed with a fine solid material, the components traveling through the column at different rates depending on how strongly each interacts with the packing material, so that they emerge separated and can be identified and measured by a detector as they exit.
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