Discipline

Pharmacology

Life Sciences

Pharmacology is the study of how drugs act on living systems, and of how a substance is absorbed, distributed, metabolized, and eliminated by the body.

Facts
Founded Year
1872 1
Oswald Schmiedeberg's 1872 appointment as director of the Institute of Pharmacology at the newly founded Kaiser-Wilhelm University in Strasbourg is the conventional founding point of pharmacology as an independent experimental discipline; he trained roughly 120 students who carried the discipline worldwide.
Central Question
By what precise molecular mechanism does a given drug produce its effect on the body, and how can that mechanism be used to predict a new compound's benefit and risk before it is ever given to a patient? 2
Scope
Pharmacology is the branch of medicine and biology concerned with how drugs interact with living systems, covering a substance's mechanism of action, its beneficial effects and its toxicity. 2
Significance
Oswald Schmiedeberg, working at the University of Strasbourg in the late nineteenth century, trained a generation of pharmacologists and established the discipline's core experimental methods, earning him recognition as the father of modern pharmacology. 2
Pharmacology
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Founded By

Source Pharmacology (Wikipedia)

Has Scientist

Source Alfred G. Gilman (Wikipedia)
Source Anatoly Nikulin (Wikipedia)
Source Arvid Carlsson (Wikipedia)
Carl Cori, Scientists
Source Carl Ferdinand Cori (Wikipedia)
Source Carl Lautenschläger (Wikipedia)
Source Daniel Bovet (Wikipedia)
Source Detlev Ganten (Wikipedia)
Source Earl Wilbur Sutherland Jr. (Wikipedia)
Source Ernst Leopold Salkowski (Wikipedia)
Source Esther Odekunle (Wikipedia)
Source Ferid Murad (Wikipedia)
Source Frederick Banting (Wikipedia)
Source Gertrude B. Elion (Wikipedia)
Source Hans Kosterlitz (Wikipedia)
Henry Dale, Scientists
Source Henry Hallett Dale (Wikipedia)
Source Howard Florey (Wikipedia)
Source J. W. Kebabian (Wikipedia)
Source James Black (pharmacologist) (Wikipedia)
John Vane, Scientists
Source John Vane (Wikipedia)
Karl Spiro, Scientists
Source Karl Spiro (Wikipedia)
Source Louis Ignarro (Wikipedia)
Source Lucy Everest Boole (Wikipedia)
Source Oswald Schmiedeberg (Wikipedia)
Otto Loewi, Scientists
Source Otto Loewi (Wikipedia)
Source Robert F. Furchgott (Wikipedia)
Source Roger Altounyan (Wikipedia)
Source Sava Petrović (botanist) (Wikipedia)
Source Shamil Omarov (Wikipedia)
Shen Kuo, Scientists
Source Shen Kuo (Wikipedia)
Source Ting-Chao Chou (Wikipedia)
Tu Youyou, Scientists
Source China's First Science Nobel Prize Exposes Anxiety on Research (Chemistry World)
Source Wikipedia: Ulf von Euler

Studied By Institution

Source University of Sheffield (Wikipedia)

Studies

Source Oswald Schmiedeberg (Britannica)
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Also in Medicine Atlas: the same subject.

Sources
1. Oswald Schmiedeberg 1838-1921, Ninth Pharmacologic-Historical Forum (PMC)
PubMed Central, National Library of MedicineAbstract
Quote, Abstract
Holmstedt and Liljestrand's (1963) History of Pharmacology and Toxicology noted, "Schmiedeberg was undoubtedly the most prominent pharmacologist of his time." He had about 120 pupils, about 40 of them occupied pharmacology chairs throughout the world.
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2. Pharmacology (Wikipedia)
Wikipedia
  • Lead section
    Pharmacology is the science of drugs and medications, including a substance's origin, composition and interaction with biological systems; specifically through pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, therapeutic use, and toxicology.
  • Founded By: Oswald Schmiedeberg
  • In Group: Medical and Health Sciences, Lead
    is the science of drugs and medications, including a substance's origin, composition and interaction with biological systems
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Oswald Schmiedeberg (Britannica)
Encyclopaedia BritannicaView the Source
China's First Science Nobel Prize Exposes Anxiety on Research (Chemistry World)
Chemistry WorldHas Scientist: Tu Youyou
Ting-Chao Chou (Wikipedia)
Has Scientist: Ting-Chao Chou, Lead
Quote, Has Scientist: Ting-Chao Chou, Lead
is a Taiwanese-American theoretical biologist, pharmacologist, cancer researcher
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University of Sheffield (Wikipedia)
Studied By Institution: University of Sheffield, History, Krebs
Quote, Studied By Institution: University of Sheffield, History, Krebs
Hans Adolf Krebs was appointed as lecturer in pharmacology in 1935.
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Robert F. Furchgott (Wikipedia)
Has Scientist: Robert F. Furchgott, Lead, discipline
Quote, Has Scientist: Robert F. Furchgott, Lead, discipline
professor of pharmacology at Cornell University Medical College from 1940 to 1949
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Hans Kosterlitz (Wikipedia)
Has Scientist: Hans Kosterlitz, Lead, discipline
Quote, Has Scientist: Hans Kosterlitz, Lead, discipline
In 1968, Aberdeen established a new Department of Pharmacology, which was headed by Kosterlitz as professor until 1973
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Lucy Everest Boole (Wikipedia)
Has Scientist: Lucy Everest Boole, Lead, works in pharmacology
Quote, Has Scientist: Lucy Everest Boole, Lead, works in pharmacology
who was the first woman to research pharmacy in England
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Ernst Leopold Salkowski (Wikipedia)
Has Scientist: Ernst Leopold Salkowski, Lead, works in pharmacology
Quote, Has Scientist: Ernst Leopold Salkowski, Lead, works in pharmacology
also making contributions in the related fields of pharmacology, analytical chemistry and hygiene
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Karl Spiro (Wikipedia)
Has Scientist: Karl Spiro, Lead, works in pharmacology
Quote, Has Scientist: Karl Spiro, Lead, works in pharmacology
From 1919 to 1921 he worked as a pharmacologist in the research laboratories of Sandoz AG
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Carl Lautenschläger (Wikipedia)
Has Scientist: Carl Lautenschläger, Lead, works in pharmacology
Quote, Has Scientist: Carl Lautenschläger, Lead, works in pharmacology
becoming a non-tenured professor of pharmacy at the University of Greifswald in 1920
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Sava Petrović (botanist) (Wikipedia)
Has Scientist: Sava Petrović (botanist), Lead, works in pharmacology
Quote, Has Scientist: Sava Petrović (botanist), Lead, works in pharmacology
Petrović was active in phyto-pharmacology, botany and medicine simultaneously
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Detlev Ganten (Wikipedia)
Has Scientist: Detlev Ganten, Lead
Quote, Has Scientist: Detlev Ganten, Lead
is a specialist in pharmacology and molecular medicine
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Shamil Omarov (Wikipedia)
Has Scientist: Shamil Omarov, Life
Quote, Has Scientist: Shamil Omarov, Life
he heads the Department of Pharmacology at the Dagestan State Medical University
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Anatoly Nikulin (Wikipedia)
Has Scientist: Anatoly Nikulin, Lead
Quote, Has Scientist: Anatoly Nikulin, Lead
was a Russian pharmacologist and a Doctor of Medical Sciences
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Arvid Carlsson (Wikipedia)
Has Scientist: Arvid Carlsson, Lead, discipline
Quote, Has Scientist: Arvid Carlsson, Lead, discipline
was a Swedish neuropharmacologist
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Earl Wilbur Sutherland Jr. (Wikipedia)
Has Scientist: Earl Wilbur Sutherland Jr., Lead, discipline
Quote, Has Scientist: Earl Wilbur Sutherland Jr., Lead, discipline
was an American pharmacologist and biochemist born in Burlingame, Kansas
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Louis Ignarro (Wikipedia)
Has Scientist: Louis Ignarro, Lead, discipline
Quote, Has Scientist: Louis Ignarro, Lead, discipline
is an American pharmacologist
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Daniel Bovet (Wikipedia)
Has Scientist: Daniel Bovet, Lead, discipline
Quote, Has Scientist: Daniel Bovet, Lead, discipline
was a Swiss-born Italian pharmacologist
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Ferid Murad (Wikipedia)
Has Scientist: Ferid Murad, Lead, discipline
Quote, Has Scientist: Ferid Murad, Lead, discipline
was an American physician and pharmacologist
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John Vane (Wikipedia)
Has Scientist: John Vane, Lead, discipline
Quote, Has Scientist: John Vane, Lead, discipline
was a British pharmacologist who was instrumental in the understanding of how aspirin produces pain-relief and anti-inflammatory effects
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James Black (pharmacologist) (Wikipedia)
Has Scientist: James Black (pharmacologist), Lead, discipline
Quote, Has Scientist: James Black (pharmacologist), Lead, discipline
was a Scottish physician and pharmacologist
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Alfred G. Gilman (Wikipedia)
Has Scientist: Alfred G. Gilman, Lead, discipline
Quote, Has Scientist: Alfred G. Gilman, Lead, discipline
was an American pharmacologist and biochemist
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Gertrude B. Elion (Wikipedia)
Has Scientist: Gertrude B. Elion, Lead, discipline
Quote, Has Scientist: Gertrude B. Elion, Lead, discipline
was an American biochemist and pharmacologist
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Esther Odekunle (Wikipedia)
Has Scientist: Esther Odekunle, Infobox, fields
Quote, Has Scientist: Esther Odekunle, Infobox, fields
Infobox fields: Neuroscience ; Molecular biology ; Pharmacology
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Oswald Schmiedeberg (Wikipedia)
Has Scientist: Oswald Schmiedeberg, Lead sentence
Quote, Has Scientist: Oswald Schmiedeberg, Lead sentence
Johann Ernst Oswald Schmiedeberg (10 October 1838-12 July 1921) was a Baltic German pharmacologist.
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Frederick Banting (Wikipedia)
WikipediaHas Scientist: Frederick Banting, Lead sentence
Quote, Has Scientist: Frederick Banting, Lead sentence
Sir Frederick Grant Banting (; November 14, 1891, February 21, 1941) was a Canadian pharmacologist, orthopedist, and field surgeon.
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Howard Florey (Wikipedia)
WikipediaHas Scientist: Howard Florey, Lead sentence
Quote, Has Scientist: Howard Florey, Lead sentence
Howard Walter Florey, Baron Florey of Adelaide and Marston (; 24 September 1898-21 February 1968) was an Australian pharmacologist and pathologist who shared the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1945 with Ernst Chain and Sir Alexander Fleming "for the discovery of penicillin and its
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Otto Loewi (Wikipedia)
WikipediaHas Scientist: Otto Loewi, Lead sentence
Quote, Has Scientist: Otto Loewi, Lead sentence
Otto Loewi (; 3 June 1873-25 December 1961) was a German-born pharmacologist and psychobiologist who discovered the role of acetylcholine as an endogenous neurotransmitter.
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Carl Ferdinand Cori (Wikipedia)
WikipediaHas Scientist: Carl Cori, Lead sentence
Quote, Has Scientist: Carl Cori, Lead sentence
Carl Ferdinand Cori, ForMemRS (December 5, 1896, October 20, 1984) was an Austrian-American biochemist and pharmacologist.
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Wikipedia: Ulf von Euler
Has Scientist: Ulf von Euler, Lead sentence
Quote, Has Scientist: Ulf von Euler, Lead sentence
Ulf Svante von Euler (7 February 1905-9 March 1983) was a Swedish physiologist and pharmacologist.
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Roger Altounyan (Wikipedia)
Has Scientist: Roger Altounyan, Lead sentence
Quote, Has Scientist: Roger Altounyan, Lead sentence
Roger Edward Collingwood Altounyan (1922-1987) was a Syrian-born Anglo-Armenian physician and pharmacologist who pioneered the use of sodium cromoglycate as a remedy for asthma.
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Henry Hallett Dale (Wikipedia)
WikipediaHas Scientist: Henry Dale, Lead
Quote, Has Scientist: Henry Dale, Lead
was an English pharmacologist
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J. W. Kebabian (Wikipedia)
Has Scientist: J. W. Kebabian, Lead, sentence 2
Quote, Has Scientist: J. W. Kebabian, Lead, sentence 2
John W. Kebabian was a neuropharmacologist and neuroscientist who was the first to discover that there were multiple subtypes of dopamine receptors.
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Shen Kuo (Wikipedia)
WikipediaHas Scientist: Shen Kuo, Infobox: field
Quote, Has Scientist: Shen Kuo, Infobox: field
Agronomy, Astronomy, Archaeology, Anatomy, Antiquarianism, Mathematics, Pharmacology, Medical science, Entomology, Mineralogy, Music, Geomorphology, Sedimentology, Optical engineering, Soil science, Encyclopedism, Geomagnetics, Optics, Hydraulics, Hydraulic engineering, Mechanical engineering, Metallurgy, Metaphysics, Meteorology, Climatology, Cartography, Botany, Zoology, Economics, Finance, Military strategy, Ethnography, Divination, Art criticism, Philosophy, Poetry, Politics, Public Administration
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