Science Atlas

How We Know What We Know
Theories

Third Law of Thermodynamics

Citation Formats

General Reference

APA Style

BibTeX

The third law of thermodynamics states that the entropy of a system at thermodynamic equilibrium approaches a constant value as its temperature approaches absolute zero, zero itself for a perfect crystal with a single ground state, though systems without a unique ground state, glasses among them, can retain some residual entropy even there. Walther Nernst developed the principle between 1906 and 1912, giving it the alternate name the Nernst heat theorem, with contributions from his doctoral student Francis Simon; in 1912 Nernst stated it as the impossibility of reaching the isotherm at absolute zero in a finite number of steps, an unattainability that follows directly from the law itself.

Facts
Proposed Year
1912 1
Sourced to the subject's own accountNernst developed the principle between 1906 and 1912; 1912 is his own quoted formulation of it as the unattainability of absolute zero in a finite number of steps.
Proposed BySourced to the subject's own account
Walther Nernst 1
Cross-Tradition Connections

Belongs To

Sources
Comments (0)
No comments yet. Be the first to share a thought.
Reader Challenges (0 open reader challenges)
No disputes yet. Spotted an error or a better source? Open the first one.

View At A Past Year

The atlas records no dated fact of its own for this entry, so there is no other year to choose.