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J. Willard Gibbs

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Josiah Willard Gibbs (1839 to 1903) was an American scientist whose 1876 to 1878 papers, titled "On the Equilibrium of Heterogeneous Substances," founded chemical thermodynamics, including the phase rule relating a system's degrees of freedom to its number of components and coexisting phases. The rule underlies every phase diagram materials science uses to predict which structures a given composition will form.

Facts
Birth Year
1839 1
Death Date
1903-04-28 1
Death Year
1903 1
Field
Chemical Thermodynamics 1
Cross-Tradition Connections

Proposed

Gibbs arrived at the same statistical connection independently of Boltzmann and gave the field its name; per Boltzmann's own MacTutor biography.

Works In

Thermodynamics, Disciplines

Gibbs's 1876 to 1878 papers founded chemical thermodynamics; his existing Works In edge to Materials Science, for the phase rule, is left untouched.

Sources
1. J. Willard Gibbs (Britannica)
Encyclopaedia BritannicaView the Source
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