Home›Scientists›Discipline›GeophysicsDisciplineGeophysicsEarth SciencesReference and ClassificationThoroughly VerifiedGeophysics applies the principles and methods of physics to the study of the Earth, covering its magnetic field, gravity, internal heat, and the seismic waves generated by earthquakes.FactsGeophysicsConnectionsSourcesComments (0)Reader Challenges (0)FactsFounded YearWell-attested1836 1Carl Friedrich Gauss and Wilhelm Weber founded the Gottinger Magnetischer Verein in 1836 with Alexander von Humboldt's support, coordinating the first systematic worldwide measurements of Earth's magnetic field from up to fifty-three observatories, an early landmark of organized geophysical research.Central QuestionWell-attestedWhat do the physical fields measurable at Earth's surface, gravity, magnetism, seismic waves, reveal about the composition and dynamics of a planetary interior no instrument can directly reach? 2ScopeWell-attestedGeophysics applies the methods and quantitative techniques of physics to study the Earth, including its gravitational, magnetic, electrical and seismic fields, its internal structure, and near-Earth space. 2SignificanceWell-attestedCarl Friedrich Gauss's 1830s mathematical treatment of the Earth's magnetic field, including the invention of the magnetometer to measure it with precision, gave geophysics one of its first rigorously quantitative branches, geomagnetism, decades before seismology or gravimetry matured to the same standard. 2GeophysicsFilter Results29 entriesField (legacy)AllGeology and geophysics (3)Geology and marine geophysics (1)Geology and paleomagnetism (1)Geology, Geophysics, Geochemistry, Biology (1)Geophysics (6)Geophysics (geomagnetism) (1)Geophysics and experimental petrology (1)Geophysics and geodesy (1)Geophysics and geology (1)Geophysics and marine geology, plate tectonics (1)Geophysics and oceanography (2)Geophysics and seismology (1)Geophysics, engineering (1)Horology, scientific instrument making, geomagnetism (1)Number theory, geodesy, differential geometry and astronomy (1)Physical oceanography (1)Seismology (3)Space physics, magnetospheric physics (1)EraAll1673 (1)1777 (1)1810 (1)1817 (1)1850 (1)1887 (1)1888 (1)1903 (2)1906 (2)1908 (1)1914 (2)1917 (1)1921 (1)1924 (1)1927 (1)1930 (1)1936 (1)1937 (1)1941 (1)1942 (1)1945 (1)1949 (1)1950 (1)1956 (1)1957 (1)1959 (1)InstitutionAllAmerican Association for the Advancement of Science (1)American Physical Society (1)Columbia University (2)Dartmouth College (1)Johns Hopkins University (1)National Academy of Sciences (7)Northwestern University (1)Royal Astronomical Society (2)Royal Society (6)Stanford University (1)University of Göttingen (1)University of Oslo (1)In GroupAllClassical And Theoretical Physicists Before 1900 (1)Geologists (1)Geometry And Topology (1)Geophysicists And Seismologists (22)Oceanographers (2)Other Earth Scientists (1)Paleontologists (1)NationalityAllAustralia (1)Canada (3)Denmark (1)France (2)India (1)Ireland (2)Japan (1)Kingdom of Hanover (1)Netherlands (1)Norway (1)United Kingdom (4)United States (11)Show ResultsBrowseCompareSelect all 29Abhijit Mukherjee (earth scientist)GeophysicsBarbara RomanowiczGeophysicsCarl Friedrich GaussGeophysicsFelix Andries Vening MeineszGeophysicsFrancis BirchGeophysicsFrank PressGeophysicsGeorge GrahamGeophysicsHarry HessGeophysicsHatten Schuyler Yoder Jr.GeophysicsHiroo KanamoriGeophysicsInge LehmannGeophysicsJ. Tuzo WilsonGeophysicsJames Van AllenGeophysicsJohn MilneGeophysicsKathryn WhalerGeophysicsKurt LambeckGeophysicsM. King HubbertGeophysicsNorman SleepGeophysicsOsmond FisherGeophysicsPeter R. VailGeophysicsRobert MalletGeophysicsRobert S. DietzGeophysicsTanya AtwaterGeophysicsTed IrvingGeophysicsThure E. CerlingGeophysicsTrond Helge TorsvikGeophysicsWalter MunkGeophysicsWilliam Maurice EwingGeophysicsXavier Le PichonGeophysicsConnectionsFounded ByCarl Friedrich Gauss, Scientists Well-attested ConnectedFounder of the geomagnetism branch specifically, not of geophysics as a whole, which also includes seismology, gravimetry and other later branches.Source Geophysics (Wikipedia)tier 2Has ScientistAbhijit Mukherjee (earth scientist), Scientists Well-attested Source Abhijit Mukherjee (earth scientist) (Wikipedia)Barbara Romanowicz, Scientists Well-attested Source Barbara Romanowicz, WikipediaCarl Friedrich Gauss, Scientists Well-attested Source Geophysics (Britannica)tier 1Felix Andries Vening Meinesz, Scientists Well-attested Source Felix Andries Vening Meinesz, WikipediaFrancis Birch, Scientists Well-attested Source Wikipedia: Francis Birch (geophysicist)Frank Press, Scientists Well-attested Source Wikipediatier 3George Graham, Scientists Well-attested Source George Graham (Wikipedia)tier 3Harry Hess, Scientists Well-attested Source Harry Hess (Britannica)tier 1Hatten Schuyler Yoder Jr., Scientists Well-attested Source Wikipedia: Hatten YoderHiroo Kanamori, Scientists Well-attested Source Wikipediatier 3Inge Lehmann, Scientists Well-attested Source Inge Lehmann (Wikipedia)tier 3J. Tuzo Wilson, Scientists Well-attested Source Wikipedia: John Tuzo WilsonJames Van Allen, Scientists Well-attested Source James Van Allen (Wikipedia)tier 3John Milne, Scientists Well-attested Source John Milne (Britannica)tier 1Kathryn Whaler, Scientists Well-attested Source Kathryn Whaler (Wikipedia)tier 3Kurt Lambeck, Scientists Well-attested Source Wikipedia: Kurt LambeckM. King Hubbert, Scientists Well-attested Source Wikipedia: M. King HubbertNorman Sleep, Scientists Well-attested Source Norman Sleep (Wikipedia)Osmond Fisher, Scientists Well-attested Source Osmond Fisher - WikipediaPeter R. Vail, Scientists Well-attested Source Peter Vail (Wikipedia)Robert Mallet, Scientists Well-attested Source Robert Mallet - WikipediaRobert S. Dietz, Scientists Well-attested Source Robert S. Dietz - WikipediaTanya Atwater, Scientists Well-attested Source Tanya Atwater, WikipediaTed Irving, Scientists Well-attested Source Edward A. Irving (Wikipedia)Thure E. Cerling, Scientists Well-attested Source Thure E. Cerling (Wikipedia)Trond Helge Torsvik, Scientists Well-attested Source Trond Helge Torsvik, WikipediaWalter Munk, Scientists Well-attested Source Walter Munk (Wikipedia)tier 3William Maurice Ewing, Scientists Well-attested Source Wikipedia: Maurice EwingXavier Le Pichon, Scientists Well-attested Source Xavier Le Pichon - WikipediaHas TheoryIsostasy, Theories Well-attested Mantle Convection, Theories Well-attested Mantle Plume Hypothesis, Theories Well-attested Plate Tectonics, Theories Well-attested Source Harry Hess (Britannica)tier 1Vine-Matthews-Morley Hypothesis, Theories Well-attested Source Vine-Matthews-Morley hypothesis (Wikipedia)StudiesMagnetosphere, Concepts Well-attested Source Magnetosphere (Wikipedia)tier 3UsesGravimeter, Instruments Well-attested ConnectedThe gravimeter measures small local variations in gravitational acceleration, used in geophysics for subsurface density mapping and geodesy.Magnetometer, Instruments Well-attested ConnectedMagnetometers are widely used for measuring the Earth's magnetic field in geophysical surveys.Source Magnetometer (Wikipedia)tier 2Magnetosphere, Concepts Well-attested Source Magnetosphere (Wikipedia)tier 3Seismograph, Instruments Well-attested Source Geophysics (Britannica)tier 1Sources1. Gottinger Magnetischer Verein (Wiechert Seismological Observatory Gottingen)Wiechert'sche Erdbebenwarte GottingenGauss house and earth magnetism sectionQuote, Gauss house and earth magnetism sectionGauss, with the support of Alexander von Humboldt, founded the Gottingen Magnetic Society, the center of which was the Earth Magnetic Observatory from 1836 to 1941.View the Source2. Geophysics (Wikipedia)tier 2WikipediaLead sectionGeophysics is a physical science concerned with the processes and properties of Earth and its surrounding space environment, studied using quantitative and observational methods. It focuses primarily on Earth's shape and its gravitational, magnetic, and electromagnetic fields.Founded By: Carl Friedrich GaussIn Group: Solid Earth Sciences, Leadis a physical science concerned with the processes and properties of Earth and its surrounding space environment, studied using quantitative and observational methodsView the SourceGeophysics (Britannica)tier 1Encyclopaedia BritannicaView the SourceMagnetosphere (Wikipedia)tier 3WikipediaUses: MagnetosphereStudies: MagnetosphereView the SourceHarry Hess (Britannica)tier 1Encyclopaedia BritannicaHas Theory: Plate TectonicsHas Scientist: Harry HessView the SourceJohn Milne (Britannica)tier 1Encyclopaedia BritannicaHas Scientist: John MilneView the SourceMagnetometer (Wikipedia)tier 2WikipediaUses: Magnetometer, Lead sectionUses: Magnetometer, Applications sectionMagnetometers are widely used for measuring the Earth's magnetic field, in geophysical surveys, to detect magnetic anomalies of various types.View the SourceJames Van Allen (Wikipedia)tier 3WikipediaHas Scientist: James Van AllenView the SourceWhat Is Geophysics? (EarthScope Consortium)tier 2EarthScope ConsortiumEncompasses: Seismology, What is geophysics? pageQuote, Encompasses: Seismology, What is geophysics? pageThis means that geophysics is a broad field with many applications and subdisciplines. Two large disciplines with long histories are seismology and geodesy.View the SourceInge Lehmann (Wikipedia)tier 3WikipediaHas Scientist: Inge Lehmann, Infobox, fieldsQuote, Has Scientist: Inge Lehmann, Infobox, fieldsInfobox fields: Seismology, geophysicsView the SourceWalter Munk (Wikipedia)tier 3WikipediaHas Scientist: Walter Munk, Infobox, fieldsQuote, Has Scientist: Walter Munk, Infobox, fieldsInfobox fields: Oceanography, geophysicsView the SourceWikipediatier 3WikipediaHas Scientist: Hiroo Kanamori, Infobox, fieldsQuote, Has Scientist: Hiroo Kanamori, Infobox, fieldsInfobox fields: GeophysicsView the SourceKathryn Whaler (Wikipedia)tier 3WikipediaHas Scientist: Kathryn Whaler, Infobox, fieldsQuote, Has Scientist: Kathryn Whaler, Infobox, fieldsInfobox fields: GeophysicsView the SourceRobert Mallet - WikipediaHas Scientist: Robert Mallet, Infobox, fieldsQuote, Has Scientist: Robert Mallet, Infobox, fieldsInfobox fields: Geophysics, EngineeringView the SourceThure E. Cerling (Wikipedia)Has Scientist: Thure E. Cerling, Infobox, fieldsQuote, Has Scientist: Thure E. Cerling, Infobox, fieldsInfobox fields: Geology; Geophysics; Geochemistry; BiologyView the SourceXavier Le Pichon - WikipediaHas Scientist: Xavier Le Pichon, Infobox, fieldsQuote, Has Scientist: Xavier Le Pichon, Infobox, fieldsInfobox fields: GeophysicsView the SourceTanya Atwater, WikipediaHas Scientist: Tanya Atwater, Infobox, fieldsQuote, Has Scientist: Tanya Atwater, Infobox, fieldsInfobox fields: Tectonics ; Marine geology; Marine geophysicsView the SourceTrond Helge Torsvik, WikipediaHas Scientist: Trond Helge Torsvik, Infobox, fieldsQuote, Has Scientist: Trond Helge Torsvik, Infobox, fieldsInfobox fields: GeophysicistView the SourceEdward A. Irving (Wikipedia)Has Scientist: Ted Irving, Infobox, fieldsQuote, Has Scientist: Ted Irving, Infobox, fieldsInfobox fields: PaleomagnetismView the SourceWikipediatier 3WikipediaHas Scientist: Frank Press, Lead sentenceQuote, Has Scientist: Frank Press, Lead sentenceFrank Press (December 4, 1924, January 29, 2020) was an American geophysicist.View the SourceNorman Sleep (Wikipedia)Has Scientist: Norman Sleep, Lead sentenceQuote, Has Scientist: Norman Sleep, Lead sentenceNorman H. Sleep (born 14 February 1945) is an American geophysicist and professor of geophysics at Stanford University.View the SourceBarbara Romanowicz, WikipediaHas Scientist: Barbara Romanowicz, Lead sentenceQuote, Has Scientist: Barbara Romanowicz, Lead sentenceBarbara A. Romanowicz FRS (born 5 April 1950) is a French geophysicist and an expert on imaging the Earth's interior.View the SourceFelix Andries Vening Meinesz, WikipediaHas Scientist: Felix Andries Vening Meinesz, Lead sentenceQuote, Has Scientist: Felix Andries Vening Meinesz, Lead sentenceFelix Andries Vening Meinesz (30 July 1887-10 August 1966) was a Dutch geophysicist and geodesist.View the SourceWikipedia: Hatten YoderHas Scientist: Hatten Schuyler Yoder Jr., Lead sentenceQuote, Has Scientist: Hatten Schuyler Yoder Jr., Lead sentenceHatten Schuyler Yoder, Jr., (March 20, 1921, August 2, 2003) was an American geophysicist and experimental petrologist who conducted pioneering work on minerals under high pressure and temperature.View the SourceOsmond Fisher - WikipediaHas Scientist: Osmond Fisher, Lead sentenceQuote, Has Scientist: Osmond Fisher, Lead sentenceReverend Osmond Fisher (17 November 1817 - 12 July 1914) was an English clergyman, geologist and geophysicist.View the SourceWikipedia: John Tuzo WilsonHas Scientist: J. Tuzo Wilson, Lead sentenceQuote, Has Scientist: J. Tuzo Wilson, Lead sentenceJohn Tuzo Wilson (October 24, 1908, April 15, 1993) was a Canadian geophysicist, geologist and professor at the University of Toronto Mississauga who achieved worldwide acclaim for his contributions to the theory of plate tectonics.View the SourceWikipedia: Francis Birch (geophysicist)Has Scientist: Francis Birch, Lead sentenceQuote, Has Scientist: Francis Birch, Lead sentenceAlbert Francis Birch (August 22, 1903, January 30, 1992) was an American geophysicist.View the SourceWikipedia: M. King HubbertHas Scientist: M. King Hubbert, Lead sentenceQuote, Has Scientist: M. King Hubbert, Lead sentenceMarion King Hubbert (October 5, 1903 - October 11, 1989) was an American geologist and geophysicist.View the SourceWikipedia: Maurice EwingHas Scientist: William Maurice Ewing, Lead sentenceQuote, Has Scientist: William Maurice Ewing, Lead sentenceWilliam Maurice "Doc" Ewing (May 12, 1906 - May 4, 1974) was an American geophysicist and oceanographer.View the SourcePeter Vail (Wikipedia)Has Scientist: Peter R. Vail, Lead sentenceQuote, Has Scientist: Peter R. Vail, Lead sentencePeter R. Vail (January 13, 1930, December 28, 2024) was an American geologist and geophysicist, the namesake of the Vail curve of sea level changes.View the SourceGeorge Graham (Wikipedia)tier 3WikipediaHas Scientist: George Graham, LeadQuote, Has Scientist: George Graham, Leadwas an English clockmaker, inventor, and geophysicistView the SourceWikipedia: Kurt LambeckHas Scientist: Kurt Lambeck, Lead, sentence 1Quote, Has Scientist: Kurt Lambeck, Lead, sentence 1Professor Kurt Lambeck AC, FRS, FAA, FRSN (born 20 September 1941 in Utrecht, Netherlands) is Professor of Geophysics at the Australian National University in Canberra, Australia.View the SourceRobert S. Dietz - WikipediaHas Scientist: Robert S. Dietz, Lead, sentence 2Quote, Has Scientist: Robert S. Dietz, Lead, sentence 2Dietz, born in Westfield, New Jersey, was a marine geologist, geophysicist and oceanographer who conducted pioneering research along with Harry Hammond Hess concerning seafloor spreading, published as early as 1960-1961.View the SourceAbhijit Mukherjee (earth scientist) (Wikipedia)Has Scientist: Abhijit Mukherjee (earth scientist), Lead, sentence 1Quote, Has Scientist: Abhijit Mukherjee (earth scientist), Lead, sentence 1Abhijit Mukherjee (born 1975) is an Indian professor, scientist and currently Professor of Geology and Geophysics and the School of Environmental Science and Engineering of IIT Kharagpur.View the SourceVine-Matthews-Morley hypothesis (Wikipedia)Has Theory: Vine-Matthews-Morley Hypothesis, Lead, sentence 1Quote, Has Theory: Vine-Matthews-Morley Hypothesis, Lead, sentence 1The Vine-Matthews-Morley hypothesis, also known as the Morley-Vine-Matthews hypothesis, was the first key scientific test of the seafloor spreading theory of continental drift and plate tectonics.View the SourceComments (0)No comments yet. 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