Science Atlas

How We Know What We Know
Disciplines

Astrophysics

Citation Formats

General Reference

APA Style

BibTeX

Astrophysics applies the laws of physics and chemistry to celestial objects, explaining what stars, planets, and galaxies are made of and how they form, evolve, and emit radiation.

Facts
Founded Year
1859 1
Gustav Kirchhoff and Robert Bunsen's 1859 work on spectroscopy, showing that dark lines in the solar spectrum correspond to the emission lines of heated elements on Earth, let astronomy grow into astrophysics by making the chemical composition of stars measurable.
Central Question
By what physical processes do stars form, generate energy, and end their lives, and how do those processes seed the heavier elements from which planets and living things are made? 2
Scope
Astrophysics applies the laws and methods of physics and chemistry to explain the birth, life and death of stars, planets, galaxies and the interstellar medium, and the universe as a whole. 2
Significance
The rise of spectroscopy in the mid nineteenth century let astronomers analyze the light of stars rather than only their positions, splitting astrophysics off from positional astronomy; the terms astronomy and astrophysics are now used largely interchangeably in modern practice. 2
Cross-Tradition Connections

Associated With

Founded By

Joint founding with Robert Bunsen: their 1859-1861 spectral-analysis work identified the chemical composition of the sun and stars.

Joint founding with Gustav Kirchhoff: their 1859-1861 spectral-analysis work identified the chemical composition of the sun and stars.

Has Scientist

Has Theory

Part Of

Uses

Sources
1. Gustav Kirchhoff 1824-1887 (High Altitude Observatory)
High Altitude Observatory, University Corporation for Atmospheric ResearchLead section
Quote, Lead section
In collaboration with Robert Bunsen (1811-1899), Kirchhoff founded the (then purely empirical) science of spectroscopy. Kirchhoff and Bunsen began by effectively inventing the "spectroscope," a prism-based device that separated light in its primary chromatic components, its spectrum, with which they began studying the spectral qualities of various chemical elements in gaseous form.
View the Source
2. Astrophysics (Wikipedia)
WikipediaLead section
Quote, Lead section
Astrophysics is a science that applies the methods and principles of physics and chemistry in the study of astronomical objects and phenomena including the universe.
View the Source
Astrophysics (Britannica)
Encyclopaedia BritannicaView the Source
Radio Telescope (Wikipedia)
WikipediaUses: Radio TelescopeView the Source
Mount Wilson Observatory (Wikipedia)
WikipediaAssociated With: Mount Wilson ObservatoryView the Source
Georges Lemaitre (Britannica)
Encyclopaedia BritannicaHas Theory: Big Bang TheoryView the Source
Georges Lemaitre (Britannica)
Encyclopaedia BritannicaHas Scientist: Georges LemaitreView the Source
Arthur Stanley Eddington (Britannica)
Encyclopaedia BritannicaHas Scientist: Arthur EddingtonView the Source
Comments (0)
No comments yet. Be the first to share a thought.
Reader Challenges (0 open reader challenges)
No disputes yet. Spotted an error or a better source? Open the first one.

View At A Past Year

The atlas records no dated fact of its own for this entry, so there is no other year to choose.