Home›Scientists›Discipline›PhysicsDisciplinePhysicsPhysical SciencesReference and ClassificationVerifiedPhysics is the branch of science that studies matter, energy, motion, and the fundamental forces that govern how they interact, from subatomic particles to the large scale structure of the universe.FactsPhysicsConnectionsIn the Other AtlasesSourcesOpen Questions (1 open question)Comments (0)Reader Challenges (0)FactsFounded YearWell-attested1687 1Isaac Newton's Principia Mathematica (1687) is commonly dated as the founding of classical, mathematically formalized physics; natural philosophy about motion and matter is far older.Central QuestionWell-attestedHow do the fundamental constituents of the universe interact through the four fundamental forces, and what unifies them into a single coherent framework? 2ScopeWell-attestedPhysics studies matter, its fundamental constituents, motion and behavior through space and time, and the related entities of energy and force. 2SignificanceWell-attestedAs the most fundamental of the natural sciences, physics underlies chemistry, materials science, astronomy and engineering. Its quantitative laws of motion, thermodynamics and electromagnetism, developed since the seventeenth century Scientific Revolution, remain the working foundation on which the other natural sciences build. 2PhysicsFilter Results366 entriesField (legacy)AllAerospace engineering and rocketry (1)applied physics, semiconductor heterostructures (1)Atomic physics, quantum physics (1)Attosecond physics, Laser science (1)Biochemistry, biophysics and molecular biology (1)Biology, physics (1)Chemistry and physics (1)Chemistry and physics, mass spectrometry and isotopes (1)Chemistry, physics, mathematics (1)Condensed matter theory (1)Electrical engineering (2)Electricity and natural philosophy (1)Experimental physics, gravitational wave astronomy (1)Experimental physics, particularly semiconductor physics (1)History, anthropology, and physics (1)Laser science (1)low-temperature physics (1)Mathematical physics (chaos theory) (1)Mathematics and astronomy (1)Medical physics (1)Mesoscopic physics 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MarksPhysicsTsung-Dao LeePhysicsUkichiro NakayaPhysicsValentine TelegdiPhysicsVictor Franz HessPhysicsVictor WeisskopfPhysicsVitaly GinzburgPhysicsVladimir VekslerPhysicsWalter BrattainPhysicsWalter GilbertPhysicsWalter HeitlerPhysicsWalter KohnPhysicsWalther BothePhysicsWerner HeisenbergPhysicsWilhelm RöntgenPhysicsWilhelm WienPhysicsWilliam D. PhillipsPhysicsWilliam Rowan HamiltonPhysicsWilliam ShockleyPhysicsWilliam Thomson, Lord KelvinPhysicsWillis LambPhysicsWolfgang PaulPhysicsWolfgang PauliPhysicsYakir AharonovPhysicsYoichiro NambuPhysicsYoseph ImryPhysicsZacharias JanssenPhysicsZhores AlferovPhysicsConnectionsShowing the first 400 of 476 connections.Associated WithCavendish Laboratory, Institutions Well-attested ConnectedThe Cavendish Laboratory is the Department of Physics at the University of Cambridge.Source Cavendish Laboratory (Wikipedia)tier 3RIKEN, Institutions Well-attested ConnectedRIKEN is the Institute of Physical and Chemical Research.Source The RIKEN Story (RIKEN Official Site)tier 1Founded ByIsaac Newton, Scientists Well-attested Source Isaac Newton: The Principia (Britannica)tier 1Has ScientistMichael E. Fisher, Scientists Well-attested Source Michael Fisher (Wikipedia)Michael Faraday, Scientists Well-attested Michel Mayor, Scientists Well-attested Additional Source Michel Mayor (Wikipedia)Lead section, 2019 Nobel Prize in Physicstier 3Mildred Dresselhaus, Scientists Well-attested Source Mildred Dresselhaus (Wikipedia)Mitchell Feigenbaum, Scientists Well-attested Source Mitchell Feigenbaum (Wikipedia)tier 3Mordehai Heiblum, Scientists Well-attested Source Mordehai Heiblum - WikipediaNevill Francis Mott, Scientists Well-attested Source Nevill Mott (Wikipedia)Nicolaas Bloembergen, Scientists Well-attested Source Nicolaas Bloembergen (Wikipedia)Niels Bohr, Scientists Well-attested Source Niels Bohr (Wikipedia)tier 2Nikola Tesla, Scientists Well-attested Nikolai Bogolyubov, Scientists Well-attested Nikolay Basov, Scientists Well-attested Source Nikolay Basov (Wikipedia)Nikolay Semyonov, Scientists Well-attested Source Nikolay Semyonov (Wikipedia)Nils Gustaf Dalén, Scientists Well-attested Source NobelPrize.org: Gustaf Dalén - FactsNorman Foster Ramsey Jr., Scientists Well-attested Source Norman Ramsey Jr. (Wikipedia)Ondrej Krivanek, Scientists Well-attested Source Ondrej Krivanek (Wikipedia)Otto Frisch, Scientists Well-attested Otto Stern, Scientists Well-attested Source Otto Stern (Wikipedia)Otto von Guericke, Scientists Well-attested Source Otto von Guericke (Wikipedia)Owen Chamberlain, Scientists Well-attested Source Owen Chamberlain (Wikipedia)Owen Richardson, Scientists Well-attested Source Owen Richardson (Wikipedia)Pablo Jarillo-Herrero, Scientists Well-attested Source Pablo Jarillo-Herrero - WikipediaPatrick Blackett, Scientists Well-attested Source Patrick Blackett (Wikipedia)Paul Corkum, Scientists Well-attested Source Paul Corkum - WikipediaPaul Dirac, Scientists Well-attested Source Paul Dirac (Wikipedia)tier 3Paul Langevin, Scientists Well-attested Pavel Cherenkov, Scientists Well-attested Source Pavel Cherenkov (Wikipedia)Percy Williams Bridgman, Scientists Well-attested Source Percy Williams Bridgman (Wikipedia)Peter Debye, Scientists Well-attested Source Peter Debye (Wikipedia)Peter Grünberg, Scientists Well-attested Source Peter Grünberg (Wikipedia)Peter Higgs, Scientists Well-attested Peter Zoller, Scientists Well-attested Source Peter Zoller (Wikipedia)tier 3Philip Warren Anderson, Scientists Well-attested Source Philip Warren Anderson (Wikipedia)tier 3Philipp Lenard, Scientists Well-attested Source Philipp Lenard (Wikipedia)Philippe Nozières, Scientists Well-attested Source Philippe Nozières - WikipediaPierre Agostini, Scientists Well-attested Additional Source Pierre Agostini (Wikipedia)Lead section, 2023 Nobel Prize in Physicstier 3Pierre Curie, Scientists Well-attested Pierre Duhem, Scientists Well-attested Source Pierre Duhem (Wikipedia)tier 3Pierre-Gilles de Gennes, Scientists Well-attested Source Pierre-Gilles de Gennes (Wikipedia)Pieter Zeeman, Scientists Well-attested Source Pieter Zeeman (Wikipedia)Polykarp Kusch, Scientists Well-attested Source Polykarp Kusch (Wikipedia)Purushottam Chakraborty, Scientists Well-attested Source Purushottam Chakraborty (Wikipedia)Pyotr Kapitsa, Scientists Well-attested Source Pyotr Kapitsa (Wikipedia)tier 3Qian Xuesen, Scientists Well-attested Rafi Bistritzer, Scientists Well-attested Source Rafi Bistritzer - WikipediaRainer Weiss, Scientists Well-attested Source Rainer Weiss (Wikipedia)Raymond Davis Jr., Scientists Well-attested Source Raymond Davis Jr. (Wikipedia)Raymond Wilson, Scientists Well-attested Source Raymond Wilson (physicist) (Wikipedia)Reinhard Genzel, Scientists Well-attested Additional Source Reinhard Genzel (Wikipedia)Lead section, 2020 Nobel Prize in Physicstier 3Richard E. Taylor, Scientists Well-attested Source Richard E. Taylor (Wikipedia)Showing 251 to 300 of 366 in Has Scientist, page 6 of 8.← Previous1…45678Next →Has TheoryArchimedes' Principle, Theories Well-attested Avogadro's Law, Theories Well-attested Source Avogadro's Law (Wikipedia)tier 3Bell's Theorem, Theories Well-attested Bernoulli's Principle, Theories Well-attested Bose-Einstein Statistics, Theories Well-attested Boyle's Law, Theories Well-attested Source Boyle's Law (Wikipedia)tier 3Conservation of Energy, Theories Well-attested Source Conservation of Energy (Wikipedia)tier 3Copenhagen Interpretation, Theories Well-attested Coulomb's Law, Theories Well-attested Source Coulomb's Law (Wikipedia)tier 3Doppler Effect, Theories Well-attested Source Doppler Effect (Wikipedia)tier 3Effective theory, Theories Well-attested Source Effective field theory (Wikipedia)Electric Current, Concepts Well-attested Source Electric CurrentFermi-Dirac Statistics, Theories Well-attested Force, Concepts Well-attested Source ForceGeneral Relativity, Theories Well-attested Source General Relativity (Britannica)tier 1Heat Engine, Concepts Well-attested Source Heat Engine (Wikipedia)tier 3Higgs Mechanism, Theories Well-attested Source Higgs mechanism (Wikipedia)Hooke's Law, Theories Well-attested Ideal Gas Law, Theories Well-attested Source Ideal Gas Law (Wikipedia)tier 3Imaging, Concepts Well-attested Source ImagingIn the Other AtlasesInfluenced ByMathematical PhysicsAlso in Mathematics Atlas: which influenced this subject.Sources1. Isaac Newton: The Principia (Britannica)tier 1Encyclopaedia BritannicaView the Source2. Physics (Wikipedia)tier 2WikipediaLead sectionPhysics is the scientific study of matter, its fundamental constituents, its motion and behavior through space and time, and the related entities of energy and force. It is one of the most fundamental scientific disciplines.In Group: Physics and Its Subfields, Leadis the scientific study of matter, its fundamental constituents, its motion and behavior through space and time, and the related entities of energy and forceView the SourceNewton's Law of Gravitation (Britannica)tier 1Encyclopaedia BritannicaHas Theory: Universal GravitationView the SourceSpecial Relativity (Britannica)tier 1Encyclopaedia BritannicaHas Theory: Special RelativityView the SourcePlanck's Radiation Law (Britannica)tier 1Encyclopaedia BritannicaHas Theory: Quantum TheoryView the SourceGeneral Relativity (Britannica)tier 1Encyclopaedia BritannicaHas Theory: General RelativityView the SourceIsaac Newton (Britannica)tier 1Encyclopaedia BritannicaHas Scientist: Isaac NewtonView the SourceAlbert Einstein, Biographical (Nobel Prize)tier 1The Nobel FoundationHas Scientist: Albert EinsteinView the SourceMax Planck, Biographical (Nobel Prize)tier 1The Nobel FoundationHas Scientist: Max PlanckView the SourceErnest Rutherford, Biographical (Nobel Prize)tier 1The Nobel FoundationHas Scientist: Ernest RutherfordView the SourceHans Lippershey (Britannica)tier 1Encyclopaedia BritannicaHas Scientist: Hans LippersheyView the SourceWilliam Thomson, Baron Kelvin (Britannica)tier 1Encyclopaedia BritannicaHas Scientist: William Thomson, Lord KelvinView the SourceMarie Curie, Biographical (Nobel Prize)tier 1The Nobel Prize (Nobel Foundation)Has Scientist: Marie CurieView the SourceMichelson Interferometer (Britannica)tier 1Encyclopaedia BritannicaUses: Michelson InterferometerView the SourceMercury Barometer (Britannica)tier 1Encyclopaedia BritannicaUses: BarometerView the SourceThermometer (Britannica)tier 1Encyclopaedia BritannicaUses: ThermometerHas Scientist: Galileo GalileiHas Scientist: Daniel Gabriel FahrenheitView the SourceCathode-Ray Oscilloscope (Britannica)tier 1Encyclopaedia BritannicaUses: OscilloscopeView the SourceBubble Chamber (Britannica)tier 1Encyclopaedia BritannicaUses: Bubble ChamberView the SourceSynchrotron (Britannica)tier 1Encyclopaedia BritannicaUses: SynchrotronView the SourceRobert Jemison Van de Graaff (Britannica)tier 1Encyclopaedia BritannicaUses: Van de Graaff GeneratorHas Scientist: Robert Jemison Van de GraaffView the SourceMichelson-Morley Experiment (Britannica)tier 1Encyclopaedia BritannicaHas Scientist: Albert A. MichelsonView the SourceErnest Lawrence, Facts (Nobel Prize)tier 1The Nobel FoundationHas Scientist: Ernest LawrenceUses: CyclotronView the SourceKirchhoff and Bunsen on Spectroscopy (ChemTeam)tier 3Gustav Kirchhoff and Robert Bunsen, Annalen der Physik und der Chemie, 1860Has Scientist: Gustav KirchhoffView the SourceCloud Chamber (Wikipedia)tier 3WikipediaUses: Cloud ChamberView the SourceGeiger Counter (Wikipedia)tier 3WikipediaUses: Geiger CounterView the SourceLarge Hadron Collider (CERN)tier 1CERNUses: Large Hadron ColliderView the SourceSpectroscope (Wikipedia)tier 3WikipediaUses: SpectroscopeView the SourceWilliam Shockley (Britannica)tier 1Encyclopaedia BritannicaUses: TransistorView the SourceFrancis Aston (Wikipedia)tier 2WikipediaHas Scientist: Francis AstonView the SourceZacharias Janssen (Wikipedia)tier 2WikipediaHas Scientist: Zacharias JanssenView the SourceHans Geiger (Wikipedia)tier 2WikipediaHas Scientist: Hans GeigerView the SourceErnst Ruska (Wikipedia)tier 2WikipediaHas Scientist: Ernst RuskaView the SourceDonald Glaser (Wikipedia)tier 2WikipediaHas Scientist: Donald GlaserView the SourceKarl Ferdinand Braun (Wikipedia)tier 2WikipediaHas Scientist: Karl Ferdinand BraunView the SourceEdwin McMillan (Wikipedia)tier 2WikipediaHas Scientist: Edwin McMillanView the SourceEvangelista Torricelli (Wikipedia)tier 2WikipediaHas Scientist: Evangelista TorricelliView the SourceJoseph von Fraunhofer (Wikipedia)tier 2WikipediaHas Scientist: Joseph von FraunhoferView the SourceJ.J. Thomson (Wikipedia)tier 2WikipediaHas Scientist: J. J. ThomsonView the SourceC. T. R. Wilson (Wikipedia)tier 2WikipediaHas Scientist: C. T. R. WilsonView the SourceVladimir Veksler (Wikipedia)tier 2WikipediaHas Scientist: Vladimir VekslerView the SourceCondensed Matter Physics (Wikipedia)tier 3WikipediaEncompasses: Solid-State PhysicsView the SourceAstrophysics (Britannica)tier 1Encyclopaedia BritannicaEncompasses: AstrophysicsView the SourceGeophysics (Britannica)tier 1Encyclopaedia BritannicaEncompasses: GeophysicsView the SourceWikipedia: Materials sciencetier 2WikipediaEncompasses: Materials ScienceView the SourceSadi Carnot (Britannica)tier 1Encyclopaedia BritannicaEncompasses: ThermodynamicsView the SourceLIGO (Wikipedia)tier 3WikipediaUses: Laser Interferometer Gravitational-Wave ObservatoryView the SourceNuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy (Wikipedia)tier 2WikipediaUses: NMR SpectrometerView the SourceScanning Tunneling Microscope (Wikipedia)tier 2WikipediaUses: Scanning Tunneling MicroscopeView the SourceIsidor Isaac Rabi (Wikipedia)tier 2WikipediaHas Scientist: Isidor Isaac RabiView the SourceFelix Bloch (Wikipedia)tier 2WikipediaHas Scientist: Felix BlochView the SourceEdward Mills Purcell (Wikipedia)tier 2WikipediaHas Scientist: Edward Mills PurcellView the SourceGerd Binnig (Wikipedia)tier 2WikipediaHas Scientist: Gerd BinnigView the SourceHeinrich Rohrer (Wikipedia)tier 2WikipediaHas Scientist: Heinrich RohrerView the SourceInfluential Theoretical Physicist and Nobel Laureate Chen-Ning Yang Dies Aged 103 (Physics World)Michael Banks, Physics World, 2025Has Scientist: Chen-Ning YangView the SourceTsung-Dao Lee (1926-2024), Nobel-Winning Physicist (Legacy.com)Linnea Crowther, Legacy.com, 2024Has Scientist: Tsung-Dao LeeView the SourceRobert L. Mills (Physics Today)Physics Today, 2019Has Scientist: Robert MillsView the SourceBiophysics (Wikipedia)tier 3WikipediaEncompasses: Biophysics, Lead sectionQuote, Encompasses: Biophysics, Lead sectionBiophysics is an interdisciplinary science that applies approaches and methods traditionally used in physics to study biological phenomena.View the SourceWikipedia: Nuclear physicstier 2WikipediaEncompasses: Nuclear Physics, Lead sectionQuote, Encompasses: Nuclear Physics, Lead sectionNuclear physics is the field of physics that studies atomic nuclei and their constituents and interactions, in addition to the study of other forms of nuclear matter.View the SourceReinhard Genzel (Wikipedia)tier 3WikipediaHas Scientist: Reinhard Genzel, Lead section, 2020 Nobel Prize in PhysicsQuote, Has Scientist: Reinhard Genzel, Lead section, 2020 Nobel Prize in PhysicsHe was awarded the 2020 Nobel Prize in Physics "for the discovery of a supermassive compact object at the centre of our galaxy", which he shared with Andrea Ghez and Roger Penrose.View the SourceAndrea Ghez (Wikipedia)tier 3WikipediaHas Scientist: Andrea Ghez, Lead section, 2020 Nobel Prize in PhysicsQuote, Has Scientist: Andrea Ghez, Lead section, 2020 Nobel Prize in PhysicsShe shared the 2020 Nobel Prize in Physics with Reinhard Genzel "for the discovery of a supermassive compact object at the centre of our galaxy".View the SourceJames Peebles (Wikipedia)tier 3WikipediaHas Scientist: James Peebles, Lead section, 2019 Nobel Prize in PhysicsQuote, Has Scientist: James Peebles, Lead section, 2019 Nobel Prize in PhysicsPeebles was awarded half of the Nobel Prize in Physics in 2019 for his theoretical discoveries in physical cosmology. He shared the prize with Michel Mayor and Didier Queloz for their discovery of an exoplanet orbiting a sun-like star.View the SourceMichel Mayor (Wikipedia)tier 3WikipediaHas Scientist: Michel Mayor, Lead section, 2019 Nobel Prize in PhysicsQuote, Has Scientist: Michel Mayor, Lead section, 2019 Nobel Prize in PhysicsHe is co-laureate of the 2019 Nobel Prize in Physics along with Jim Peebles and Didier QuelozView the SourceDidier Queloz (Wikipedia)tier 3WikipediaHas Scientist: Didier Queloz, Lead section, 2019 Nobel Prize in PhysicsQuote, Has Scientist: Didier Queloz, Lead section, 2019 Nobel Prize in PhysicsFor this discovery, he shared the 2019 Nobel Prize in Physics with Mayor and Jim Peebles.View the SourceArthur Ashkin (Wikipedia)tier 3WikipediaHas Scientist: Arthur Ashkin, Lead section, 2018 Nobel Prize in PhysicsQuote, Has Scientist: Arthur Ashkin, Lead section, 2018 Nobel Prize in PhysicsHe was awarded half of the Prize while the other half was shared between Gerard Mourou and Donna Strickland for their work on chirped-pulse amplificationView the SourceGerard Mourou (Wikipedia)tier 3WikipediaHas Scientist: Gerard Mourou, Lead section, 2018 Nobel Prize in PhysicsQuote, Has Scientist: Gerard Mourou, Lead section, 2018 Nobel Prize in PhysicsHe was awarded a Nobel Prize in Physics in 2018, along with Donna Strickland, for the invention of chirped pulse amplificationView the SourceDonna Strickland (Wikipedia)tier 3WikipediaHas Scientist: Donna Strickland, Lead section, 2018 Nobel Prize in PhysicsQuote, Has Scientist: Donna Strickland, Lead section, 2018 Nobel Prize in PhysicsShe was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics in 2018, together with Gerard Mourou, for the practical implementation of chirped pulse amplification.View the SourceDavid J. Thouless (Wikipedia)tier 3WikipediaHas Scientist: David J. Thouless, Lead section, 2016 Nobel Prize in PhysicsQuote, Has Scientist: David J. Thouless, Lead section, 2016 Nobel Prize in PhysicsHe was awarded the 1990 Wolf Prize and a laureate of the 2016 Nobel Prize for physics along with F. Duncan M. Haldane and J. Michael Kosterlitz for theoretical discoveries of topological phase transitions and topological phases of matter.View the SourceF. Duncan M. Haldane (Wikipedia)tier 3WikipediaHas Scientist: F. Duncan M. Haldane, Lead section, 2016 Nobel Prize in PhysicsQuote, Has Scientist: F. Duncan M. Haldane, Lead section, 2016 Nobel Prize in PhysicsHe is a co-recipient of the 2016 Nobel Prize in Physics, along with David J. Thouless and J. Michael Kosterlitz.View the SourceJ. Michael Kosterlitz (Wikipedia)tier 3WikipediaHas Scientist: J. Michael Kosterlitz, Lead section, 2016 Nobel Prize in PhysicsQuote, Has Scientist: J. Michael Kosterlitz, Lead section, 2016 Nobel Prize in PhysicsHe was awarded the 2016 Nobel Prize in physics along with David Thouless and Duncan Haldane for work on condensed matter physics.View the SourceTakaaki Kajita (Wikipedia)tier 3WikipediaHas Scientist: Takaaki Kajita, Lead section, 2015 Nobel Prize in PhysicsQuote, Has Scientist: Takaaki Kajita, Lead section, 2015 Nobel Prize in PhysicsIn 2015, he was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics jointly with Canadian physicist Arthur B. McDonald for the discovery of neutrino oscillations.View the SourceArthur B. McDonald (Wikipedia)tier 3WikipediaHas Scientist: Arthur B. McDonald, Lead section, 2015 Nobel Prize in PhysicsQuote, Has Scientist: Arthur B. McDonald, Lead section, 2015 Nobel Prize in PhysicsHe was awarded the 2015 Nobel Prize in Physics jointly with Japanese physicist Takaaki Kajita.View the SourceIsamu Akasaki (Wikipedia)tier 3WikipediaHas Scientist: Isamu Akasaki, Lead section, 2014 Nobel Prize in PhysicsQuote, Has Scientist: Isamu Akasaki, Lead section, 2014 Nobel Prize in PhysicsAkasaki was awarded the 2014 Nobel Prize in Physics, along with Hiroshi Amano and Shuji Nakamura, "for the invention of efficient blue light-emitting diodes which has enabled bright and energy-saving white light sources."View the SourceHiroshi Amano (Wikipedia)tier 3WikipediaHas Scientist: Hiroshi Amano, Lead section, 2014 Nobel Prize in PhysicsQuote, Has Scientist: Hiroshi Amano, Lead section, 2014 Nobel Prize in PhysicsHe is a co-inventor of the blue LED, for which he was awarded the 2014 Nobel Prize in Physics along with Isamu Akasaki and Shuji Nakamura.View the SourceShuji Nakamura (Wikipedia)tier 3WikipediaHas Scientist: Shuji Nakamura, Lead section, 2014 Nobel Prize in PhysicsQuote, Has Scientist: Shuji Nakamura, Lead section, 2014 Nobel Prize in PhysicsFor this achievement, Nakamura, together with Isamu Akasaki and Hiroshi Amano, received the Nobel Prize in Physics in 2014.View the SourceJohn Hopfield (Wikipedia)tier 3WikipediaHas Scientist: John Hopfield, Lead section, 2024 Nobel Prize in PhysicsQuote, Has Scientist: John Hopfield, Lead section, 2024 Nobel Prize in PhysicsIn 2024 Hopfield, along with Geoffrey Hinton, was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics for "foundational discoveries and inventions that enable machine learning with artificial neural networks."View the SourceGeoffrey Hinton (Wikipedia)tier 3WikipediaHas Scientist: Geoffrey Hinton, Lead section, 2024 Nobel Prize in PhysicsQuote, Has Scientist: Geoffrey Hinton, Lead section, 2024 Nobel Prize in PhysicsHe was also awarded, along with John Hopfield, the 2024 Nobel Prize in Physics for "foundational discoveries and inventions that enable machine learning with artificial neural networks".View the SourcePierre Agostini (Wikipedia)tier 3WikipediaHas Scientist: Pierre Agostini, Lead section, 2023 Nobel Prize in PhysicsQuote, Has Scientist: Pierre Agostini, Lead section, 2023 Nobel Prize in PhysicsIn 2023, he received the Nobel Prize in Physics for "experimental methods that generate attosecond pulses of light for the study of electron dynamics in matter" along with Anne L'Huillier and Ferenc Krausz.View the SourceFerenc Krausz (Wikipedia)tier 3WikipediaHas Scientist: Ferenc Krausz, Lead section, 2023 Nobel Prize in PhysicsQuote, Has Scientist: Ferenc Krausz, Lead section, 2023 Nobel Prize in PhysicsIn 2023, jointly with Pierre Agostini and Anne L'Huillier, he was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics.View the SourceAnne L'Huillier (Wikipedia)tier 3WikipediaHas Scientist: Anne L'Huillier, Lead section, 2023 Nobel Prize in PhysicsQuote, Has Scientist: Anne L'Huillier, Lead section, 2023 Nobel Prize in PhysicsIn October 2023, she was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics, jointly with Krausz and Pierre Agostini "for experimental methods that generate attosecond pulses of light for the study of electron dynamics in matter".View the SourceAlain Aspect (Wikipedia)tier 3WikipediaHas Scientist: Alain Aspect, Lead section, 2022 Nobel Prize in PhysicsQuote, Has Scientist: Alain Aspect, Lead section, 2022 Nobel Prize in PhysicsAspect was awarded the 2022 Nobel Prize in Physics, jointly with John Clauser and Anton Zeilinger, "for experiments with entangled photons, establishing the violation of Bell inequalities and pioneering quantum information science".View the SourceJohn Clauser (Wikipedia)tier 3WikipediaHas Scientist: John Clauser, Lead section, 2022 Nobel Prize in PhysicsQuote, Has Scientist: John Clauser, Lead section, 2022 Nobel Prize in PhysicsClauser was awarded the 2022 Nobel Prize in Physics, jointly with Alain Aspect and Anton Zeilinger "for experiments with entangled photons, establishing the violation of Bell inequalities and pioneering quantum information science".View the SourceAnton Zeilinger (Wikipedia)tier 3WikipediaHas Scientist: Anton Zeilinger, Lead section, 2022 Nobel Prize in PhysicsQuote, Has Scientist: Anton Zeilinger, Lead section, 2022 Nobel Prize in PhysicsIn October 2022, he received the Nobel Prize in Physics, jointly with Alain Aspect and John Clauser for their work involving experiments with entangled photons, establishing the violation of Bell inequalities and pioneering quantum information science.View the SourceSyukuro Manabe (Wikipedia)tier 3WikipediaHas Scientist: Syukuro Manabe, Lead section, 2021 Nobel Prize in PhysicsQuote, Has Scientist: Syukuro Manabe, Lead section, 2021 Nobel Prize in PhysicsHe was awarded the 2021 Nobel Prize in Physics jointly with Klaus Hasselmann and Giorgio Parisi, for his contributions to the physical modeling of Earth's climate, quantifying its variability, and predictions of climate change.View the SourceKlaus Hasselmann (Wikipedia)tier 3WikipediaHas Scientist: Klaus Hasselmann, Lead section, 2021 Nobel Prize in PhysicsQuote, Has Scientist: Klaus Hasselmann, Lead section, 2021 Nobel Prize in PhysicsHe was awarded the 2021 Nobel Prize in Physics jointly with Syukuro Manabe and Giorgio Parisi.View the SourceGiorgio Parisi (Wikipedia)tier 3WikipediaHas Scientist: Giorgio Parisi, Lead section, 2021 Nobel Prize in PhysicsQuote, Has Scientist: Giorgio Parisi, Lead section, 2021 Nobel Prize in PhysicsHe was awarded the 2021 Nobel Prize in Physics jointly with Klaus Hasselmann and Syukuro Manabe for groundbreaking contributions to theory of complex systems.View the SourceRoger Penrose (Wikipedia)tier 3WikipediaHas Scientist: Roger Penrose, Awards and Honours section, 2020 Nobel Prize in PhysicsQuote, Has Scientist: Roger Penrose, Awards and Honours section, 2020 Nobel Prize in PhysicsIn 2020 Penrose was awarded one half of the Nobel Prize in Physics by the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences for the discovery that black hole formation is a robust prediction of the general theory of relativity, a half-share also going to Reinhard Genzel and Andrea Ghez for the discovery of a supermassive compact object at the centre of our galaxy.View the SourceKilogram (Wikipedia)tier 2WikipediaUses: KilogramView the SourceInternational System of Units (Wikipedia)tier 3WikipediaUses: MetreUses: SecondView the SourceNewton's Laws of Motion (Wikipedia)tier 3WikipediaUses: NewtonHas Theory: Newton's Laws of Motion, Lead, sentence 1Newton's laws of motion are three physical laws that describe the relationship between the motion of an object and the forces acting on it.View the SourceBibha Chowdhuri (Wikipedia)tier 3WikipediaHas Scientist: Bibha Chowdhuri, IntroductionQuote, Has Scientist: Bibha Chowdhuri, IntroductionWorking with D. M. Bose, she was the first to discover the meson and prove Hideki Yukawa's meson theory.View the SourceMitchell Feigenbaum (Wikipedia)tier 3WikipediaHas Scientist: Mitchell FeigenbaumView the SourceNobelPrize.org: Gustaf Dalén - FactsNobelPrize.orgHas Scientist: Gustaf Dalén, Facts: Nobel Prize fieldNobel Prize in Physics 1912Has Scientist: Nils Gustaf Dalén, Facts: Nobel Prize fieldNobel Prize in Physics 1912View the SourceNobelPrize.org: Guglielmo Marconi - FactsNobelPrize.orgHas Scientist: Guglielmo Marconi, Facts: Nobel Prize fieldQuote, Has Scientist: Guglielmo Marconi, Facts: Nobel Prize fieldNobel Prize in Physics 1909View the SourcePhilippe Nozières - WikipediaHas Scientist: Philippe Nozières, LeadQuote, Has Scientist: Philippe Nozières, Leadwas a French physicistView the SourceEffective field theory (Wikipedia)Has Theory: Effective theory, LeadQuote, Has Theory: Effective theory, LeadIn physics, an effective field theory is a type of approximation, or effective theory, for an underlying physical theoryView the SourceRainer Weiss (Wikipedia)Has Scientist: Rainer Weiss, Infobox, fieldsQuote, Has Scientist: Rainer Weiss, Infobox, fieldsInfobox fields: Physics; Laser physics; Experimental gravitation; Cosmic background measurementsView the SourceNiels Bohr (Wikipedia)tier 2WikipediaHas Scientist: Niels Bohr, Infobox, fieldsQuote, Has Scientist: Niels Bohr, Infobox, fieldsInfobox fields: PhysicsView the SourceJ. Robert Oppenheimer (Wikipedia)tier 2WikipediaHas Scientist: J. Robert Oppenheimer, Infobox, fieldsQuote, Has Scientist: J. Robert Oppenheimer, Infobox, fieldsInfobox fields: Theoretical physicsView the SourceHermann von Helmholtz (Wikipedia)tier 3WikipediaHas Scientist: Hermann von Helmholtz, Infobox, fieldsQuote, Has Scientist: Hermann von Helmholtz, Infobox, fieldsInfobox fields: Physics; PhysiologyView the SourceStephen Hawking (Wikipedia)tier 3WikipediaHas Scientist: Stephen Hawking, Infobox, fieldsQuote, Has Scientist: Stephen Hawking, Infobox, fieldsInfobox fields: General relativity ; Cosmology ; Quantum gravityView the SourceRichard Feynman (Wikipedia)tier 3WikipediaHas Scientist: Richard Feynman, Infobox, fieldsQuote, Has Scientist: Richard Feynman, Infobox, fieldsInfobox fields: Theoretical physicsView the SourceWerner Heisenberg (Wikipedia)tier 3WikipediaHas Scientist: Werner Heisenberg, Infobox, fieldsQuote, Has Scientist: Werner Heisenberg, Infobox, fieldsInfobox fields: PhysicsView the SourcePaul Dirac (Wikipedia)tier 3WikipediaHas Scientist: Paul Dirac, Infobox, fieldsQuote, Has Scientist: Paul Dirac, Infobox, fieldsInfobox fields: PhysicsView the SourceMax Born (Wikipedia)tier 3WikipediaHas Scientist: Max Born, Infobox, fieldsQuote, Has Scientist: Max Born, Infobox, fieldsInfobox fields: Quantum physicsView the SourceRobert Hooke (Wikipedia)tier 3WikipediaHas Scientist: Robert Hooke, Infobox, fieldsQuote, Has Scientist: Robert Hooke, Infobox, fieldsInfobox fields: Physics and BiologyView the SourceAlessandro Volta (Wikipedia)tier 3WikipediaHas Scientist: Alessandro Volta, Infobox, fieldsQuote, Has Scientist: Alessandro Volta, Infobox, fieldsInfobox fields: Chemistry physicsView the SourceAbdus Salam (Wikipedia)tier 3WikipediaHas Scientist: Abdus Salam, Infobox, fieldsQuote, Has Scientist: Abdus Salam, Infobox, fieldsInfobox fields: Theoretical physicsView the SourceWolfgang Pauli (Wikipedia)tier 3WikipediaHas Scientist: Wolfgang Pauli, Infobox, fieldsQuote, Has Scientist: Wolfgang Pauli, Infobox, fieldsInfobox fields: PhysicsView the SourceJohn Archibald Wheeler (Wikipedia)tier 3WikipediaHas Scientist: John Archibald Wheeler, Infobox, fieldsQuote, Has Scientist: John Archibald Wheeler, Infobox, fieldsInfobox fields: PhysicsView the SourceSteven Weinberg (Wikipedia)tier 3WikipediaHas Scientist: Steven Weinberg, Infobox, fieldsQuote, Has Scientist: Steven Weinberg, Infobox, fieldsInfobox fields: Theoretical physicsView the SourceSvante Arrhenius (Wikipedia)tier 3WikipediaHas Scientist: Svante Arrhenius, Infobox, fieldsQuote, Has Scientist: Svante Arrhenius, Infobox, fieldsInfobox fields: Physics; ChemistryView the SourceHendrik Lorentz (Wikipedia)tier 3WikipediaHas Scientist: Hendrik Lorentz, Infobox, fieldsQuote, Has Scientist: Hendrik Lorentz, Infobox, fieldsInfobox fields: PhysicsView the SourceHolger Bech Nielsen (Wikipedia)tier 3WikipediaHas Scientist: Holger Bech Nielsen, Infobox, fieldsQuote, Has Scientist: Holger Bech Nielsen, Infobox, fieldsInfobox fields: Theoretical physicsView the SourceLeonard Susskind (Wikipedia)tier 3WikipediaHas Scientist: Leonard Susskind, Infobox, fieldsQuote, Has Scientist: Leonard Susskind, Infobox, fieldsInfobox fields: Physics, mathematicsView the SourceChristian Doppler (Wikipedia)tier 3WikipediaHas Scientist: Christian Doppler, Infobox, fieldsQuote, Has Scientist: Christian Doppler, Infobox, fieldsInfobox fields: Mathematics physicsView the SourceDavid Gross (Wikipedia)tier 3WikipediaHas Scientist: David Gross, Infobox, fieldsQuote, Has Scientist: David Gross, Infobox, fieldsInfobox fields: Theoretical physicsView the SourceHideki Yukawa (Wikipedia)tier 3WikipediaHas Scientist: Hideki Yukawa, Infobox, fieldsQuote, Has Scientist: Hideki Yukawa, Infobox, fieldsInfobox fields: PhysicsView the SourcePhilip Warren Anderson (Wikipedia)tier 3WikipediaHas Scientist: Philip Warren Anderson, Infobox, fieldsQuote, Has Scientist: Philip Warren Anderson, Infobox, fieldsInfobox fields: Condensed matter physicsView the SourceLev Landau (Wikipedia)tier 3WikipediaHas Scientist: Lev Landau, Infobox, fieldsQuote, Has Scientist: Lev Landau, Infobox, fieldsInfobox fields: Theoretical physicsView the SourceEudoxus of Cnidus, WikipediaHas Scientist: Eudoxus of Cnidus, Infobox, fieldsQuote, Has Scientist: Eudoxus of Cnidus, Infobox, fieldsInfobox fields: Mathematics; Physics; Geography; Astronomy; Medicine; PhilosophyView the SourceVictor Weisskopf (Wikipedia)Has Scientist: Victor Weisskopf, Infobox, fieldsQuote, Has Scientist: Victor Weisskopf, Infobox, fieldsInfobox fields: PhysicsView the SourceRaymond Davis Jr. (Wikipedia)Has Scientist: Raymond Davis Jr., Infobox, fieldsQuote, Has Scientist: Raymond Davis Jr., Infobox, fieldsInfobox fields: Chemistry, physicsView the SourceAnthony Leggett (Wikipedia)Has Scientist: Anthony James Leggett, Infobox, fieldsQuote, Has Scientist: Anthony James Leggett, Infobox, fieldsInfobox fields: PhysicsView the SourceJames Bjorken - WikipediaHas Scientist: James Bjorken, Infobox, fieldsQuote, Has Scientist: James Bjorken, Infobox, fieldsInfobox fields: Theoretical physicsView the SourceAndrei Linde - WikipediaHas Scientist: Andrei Linde, Infobox, fieldsQuote, Has Scientist: Andrei Linde, Infobox, fieldsInfobox fields: Theoretical physics ; Physical cosmologyView the SourceAlexei Starobinsky - WikipediaHas Scientist: Alexei Starobinsky, Infobox, fieldsQuote, Has Scientist: Alexei Starobinsky, Infobox, fieldsInfobox fields: Theoretical physics; CosmologyView the SourceRonald Drever - WikipediaHas Scientist: Ronald Drever, Infobox, fieldsQuote, Has Scientist: Ronald Drever, Infobox, fieldsInfobox fields: Physics, Laser physics, Experimental GravitationView the SourceJohn Pendry (Wikipedia)Has Scientist: John Pendry, Infobox, fieldsQuote, Has Scientist: John Pendry, Infobox, fieldsInfobox fields: PhysicsView the SourceCharles Barkla (Wikipedia)Has Scientist: Charles Glover Barkla, Infobox, fieldsQuote, Has Scientist: Charles Glover Barkla, Infobox, fieldsInfobox fields: PhysicsView the SourceGustav Ludwig Hertz (Wikipedia)Has Scientist: Gustav Hertz, Infobox, fieldsQuote, Has Scientist: Gustav Hertz, Infobox, fieldsInfobox fields: PhysicsView the SourceC. V. Raman (Wikipedia)Has Scientist: C. V. Raman, Infobox, fieldsQuote, Has Scientist: C. V. Raman, Infobox, fieldsInfobox fields: PhysicsView the SourceVictor Hess (Wikipedia)Has Scientist: Victor Franz Hess, Infobox, fieldsQuote, Has Scientist: Victor Franz Hess, Infobox, fieldsInfobox fields: PhysicsView the SourceC. F. Powell (Wikipedia)Has Scientist: Cecil Frank Powell, Infobox, fieldsQuote, Has Scientist: Cecil Frank Powell, Infobox, fieldsInfobox fields: PhysicsView the SourceLeon Cooper (Wikipedia)Has Scientist: Leon N. Cooper, Infobox, fieldsQuote, Has Scientist: Leon N. Cooper, Infobox, fieldsInfobox fields: Physics NeuroscienceView the SourceWalter Heitler (Wikipedia)tier 3WikipediaHas Scientist: Walter Heitler, Infobox, fieldsInfobox fields: Quantum physicsHas Scientist: Walter Heitler, Lead sentenceWalter Heinrich Heitler (; 2 January 1904-15 November 1981) was a German-Irish theoretical physicist who made contributions to quantum electrodynamics and quantum field theory.View the SourceGeorge Uhlenbeck (Wikipedia)Has Scientist: George Uhlenbeck, Infobox, fieldsInfobox fields: PhysicistHas Scientist: George Uhlenbeck, Lead sentenceGeorge Eugene Uhlenbeck (December 6, 1900, October 31, 1988) was a Dutch-American theoretical physicist, known for his significant contributions to quantum mechanics and statistical mechanics.View the SourceYakir Aharonov (Wikipedia)Has Scientist: Yakir Aharonov, Infobox, fieldsInfobox fields: Quantum physicsHas Scientist: Yakir Aharonov, Lead sentenceYakir Aharonov (; born August 28, 1932) is an Israeli physicist specializing in quantum physics.View the SourceDaniel Kleppner (Wikipedia)Has Scientist: Daniel Kleppner, Infobox, fieldsInfobox fields: AMO physicsHas Scientist: Daniel Kleppner, Lead sentenceDaniel Kleppner (December 16, 1932, June 16, 2025) was an American physicist who was the Lester Wolfe Professor Emeritus of Physics at Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) and co-founder and co-director of the MIT-Harvard Center for Ultracold Atoms.View the SourceIgnacio Cirac - WikipediaHas Scientist: Juan Ignacio Cirac, Infobox, fieldsQuote, Has Scientist: Juan Ignacio Cirac, Infobox, fieldsInfobox fields: PhysicistView the SourceYoseph Imry - WikipediaHas Scientist: Yoseph Imry, Infobox, fieldsInfobox fields: Mesoscopic physicsHas Scientist: Yoseph Imry, Lead sentenceYoseph Imry (; born 23 February 1939-29 May 2018) was an Israeli physicist.View the SourcePablo Jarillo-Herrero - WikipediaHas Scientist: Pablo Jarillo-Herrero, Infobox, fieldsInfobox fields: PhysicistHas Scientist: Pablo Jarillo-Herrero, Lead sentencePablo Jarillo-Herrero (born June 11, 1976) is a Spanish physicist and current Cecil and Ida Green Professor of Physics at Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT).View the SourcePaul Corkum - WikipediaHas Scientist: Paul Corkum, Infobox, fieldsInfobox fields: Attosecond physics; Laser scienceHas Scientist: Paul Corkum, Lead sentencePaul Bruce Corkum (born October 30, 1943) is a Canadian physicist specializing in attosecond physics and laser science.View the SourceJainendra K. Jain - WikipediaHas Scientist: Jainendra K. Jain, Infobox, fieldsInfobox fields: Condensed matter theoryHas Scientist: Jainendra K. Jain, Lead sentenceJainendra K. Jain (born January 17, 1960) is an Indian-American physicist and the Evan Pugh University Professor and the Eberly Chair in Physics at the Pennsylvania State University.View the SourceMordehai Heiblum - WikipediaHas Scientist: Mordehai Heiblum, Infobox, fieldsInfobox fields: Mesoscopic physics; Electrical engineeringHas Scientist: Mordehai Heiblum, Lead sentenceMordehai Heiblum (, sometimes called Moty Heiblum, born May 25, 1947, in Holon) is an Israeli electrical engineer and condensed matter physicist, known for his research in mesoscopic physics.View the SourceAlan Cottrell (Wikipedia)Has Scientist: Alan Cottrell, Infobox, fieldsInfobox fields: Metallurgist, PhysicistHas Scientist: Alan Cottrell, Lead sentenceSir Alan Howard Cottrell, FRS (17 July 1919-15 February 2012) was an English metallurgist and physicist.View the SourceAndre Geim (Wikipedia)Has Scientist: Andre Geim, Infobox, fieldsInfobox fields: Condensed matter physicsHas Scientist: Andre Geim, Lead sentenceSir Andre Konstantin Geim (; born 21 October 1958) is a Russian-born British physicist working in England in the School of Physics and Astronomy at the University of Manchester.View the SourceMani Lal Bhaumik (Wikipedia)Has Scientist: Mani Lal Bhaumik, Infobox, fieldsInfobox fields: PhysicsHas Scientist: Mani Lal Bhaumik, Lead sentenceMani Lal Bhaumik (born 30 March 1931) is an Indian American physicist and an internationally bestselling author, celebrated lecturer, entrepreneur and philanthropist.View the SourceJulian Barbour (Wikipedia)Has Scientist: Julian Barbour, Infobox, fieldsInfobox fields: Theoretical physics, history of scienceHas Scientist: Julian Barbour, Lead sentenceJulian Barbour (; born 1937) is a British physicist with research interests in quantum gravity and the history of science.View the SourceManfred von Ardenne (Wikipedia)Has Scientist: Manfred von Ardenne, Infobox, fieldsQuote, Has Scientist: Manfred von Ardenne, Infobox, fieldsInfobox fields: Applied PhysicsView the SourceAlfred Lee Loomis (Wikipedia)Has Scientist: Alfred Lee Loomis, Infobox, fieldsInfobox fields: Physics; Radar; Chronometry; ElectroencephalographyHas Scientist: Alfred Lee Loomis, Lead sentenceAlfred Lee Loomis (November 4, 1887, August 11, 1975) was an American attorney, investment banker, philanthropist, scientist, physicist, inventor of the LORAN Long Range Navigation System and a lifelong patron of scientific research.View the SourceAshoke Sen (Wikipedia)Has Scientist: Ashoke Sen, Infobox, fieldsInfobox fields: PhysicsHas Scientist: Ashoke Sen, Lead sentenceAshoke Sen FRS (; born 1956) is an Indian theoretical physicist and ICTS-Infosys Madhava Chair Professor at the International Centre for Theoretical Sciences (ICTS), Bangalore.View the SourceStephen Wolfram (Wikipedia)Has Scientist: Stephen Wolfram, Infobox, fieldsInfobox fields: class=nowrap Mathematics Physics Computing Cellular automata endplainlistHas Scientist: Stephen Wolfram, Lead sentenceStephen Wolfram ( ; born 29 August 1959) is a British-American computer scientist, physicist, and businessman.View the SourceBiman Bagchi (Wikipedia)Has Scientist: Biman Bagchi, Infobox, fieldsQuote, Has Scientist: Biman Bagchi, Infobox, fieldsInfobox fields: Biophysical Chemistry ; Theoretical Chemistry ; Statistical MechanicsView the SourceFazle Hussain (Wikipedia)Has Scientist: Fazle Hussain, Infobox, fieldsQuote, Has Scientist: Fazle Hussain, Infobox, fieldsInfobox fields: Mechanical engineering; PhysicsView the SourceChanchal Kumar Majumdar (Wikipedia)Has Scientist: Chanchal Kumar Majumdar, Infobox, fieldsInfobox fields: Condensed matter physicsHas Scientist: Chanchal Kumar Majumdar, Lead sentenceChanchal Kumar Majumdar () (11 August 1938-20 June 2000) was an Indian condensed matter physicist and the founder director of S.N. Bose National Centre for Basic Sciences.View the SourceBarry Barish (Wikipedia)Has Scientist: Barry Barish, Lead sentenceQuote, Has Scientist: Barry Barish, Lead sentenceBarry Clark Barish (born January 27, 1936) is an American experimental physicist and Nobel Laureate.View the SourceHugh Everett III (Wikipedia)tier 2WikipediaHas Scientist: Hugh Everett III, Lead sentenceQuote, Has Scientist: Hugh Everett III, Lead sentenceHugh Everett III (; November 11, 1930, July 19, 1982) was an American physicist who proposed the relative state interpretation of quantum mechanics.View the SourceBlaise Pascal (Wikipedia)tier 3WikipediaHas Scientist: Blaise Pascal, Lead sentenceQuote, Has Scientist: Blaise Pascal, Lead sentenceBlaise Pascal (19June 162319August 1662) was a French mathematician, physicist, inventor, philosopher, and Catholic writer.View the SourceChristiaan Huygens (Wikipedia)tier 3WikipediaHas Scientist: Christiaan Huygens, Lead sentenceQuote, Has Scientist: Christiaan Huygens, Lead sentenceChristiaan Huygens, Lord of Zeelhem (14 April 1629-8 July 1695) was a Dutch mathematician, physicist, engineer, astronomer, and inventor who is regarded as a key figure in the Scientific Revolution.View the SourceFreeman Dyson (Wikipedia)tier 3WikipediaHas Scientist: Freeman Dyson, Lead sentenceQuote, Has Scientist: Freeman Dyson, Lead sentenceFreeman John Dyson (15 December 1923-28 February 2020) was a British-American theoretical physicist and mathematician who worked in quantum field theory, astrophysics, random matrices, mathematical formulation of quantum mechanics, condensed matter physics, nuclear physics, and engineering.View the SourceJames Chadwick (Wikipedia)tier 3WikipediaHas Scientist: James Chadwick, Lead sentenceQuote, Has Scientist: James Chadwick, Lead sentenceSir James Chadwick (20 October 1891-24 July 1974) was a British experimental physicist who received the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1935 for his discovery of the neutron.View the SourceHugh David Politzer (Wikipedia)Has Scientist: David Politzer, Lead sentenceQuote, Has Scientist: David Politzer, Lead sentenceHugh David Politzer (; born August 31, 1949) is an American theoretical physicist.View the SourceFrank Wilczek (Wikipedia)tier 3WikipediaHas Scientist: Frank Wilczek, Lead sentenceQuote, Has Scientist: Frank Wilczek, Lead sentenceFrank Anthony Wilczek ( or ; born May 15, 1951) is an American theoretical physicist.View the SourceAlan Guth (Wikipedia)tier 3WikipediaHas Scientist: Alan Guth, Lead sentenceQuote, Has Scientist: Alan Guth, Lead sentenceAlan Harvey Guth (; born February 27, 1947) is an American theoretical physicist and cosmologist who is the Victor Weisskopf Professor of Physics at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology.View the SourceFritz London (Wikipedia)tier 3WikipediaHas Scientist: Fritz London, Lead sentenceQuote, Has Scientist: Fritz London, Lead sentenceFritz Wolfgang London (March 7, 1900, March 30, 1954) was a German born physicist and professor at Duke University.View the SourceJulian Schwinger (Wikipedia)tier 3WikipediaHas Scientist: Julian Schwinger, Lead sentenceQuote, Has Scientist: Julian Schwinger, Lead sentenceJulian Seymour Schwinger (; February 12, 1918, July 16, 1994) was an American theoretical physicist.View the SourceIrving Langmuir (Wikipedia)tier 3WikipediaHas Scientist: Irving Langmuir, Lead sentenceQuote, Has Scientist: Irving Langmuir, Lead sentenceIrving Langmuir (; January 31, 1881, August 16, 1957) was an American chemist, physicist, and metallurgical engineer.View the SourceSheldon Glashow (Wikipedia)tier 3WikipediaHas Scientist: Sheldon Glashow, Lead sentenceQuote, Has Scientist: Sheldon Glashow, Lead sentenceSheldon Lee Glashow (, ; born December 5, 1932) is an American theoretical physicist.View the SourceCheikh Anta Diop (Wikipedia)tier 3WikipediaHas Scientist: Cheikh Anta Diop, Lead sentenceQuote, Has Scientist: Cheikh Anta Diop, Lead sentenceCheikh Anta Diop (29 December 1923-7 February 1986) was a Senegalese historian, anthropologist, physicist, and politician who studied the human race's origins and pre-colonial African culture.View the SourceZhores Alferov (Wikipedia)tier 3WikipediaHas Scientist: Zhores Alferov, Lead sentenceQuote, Has Scientist: Zhores Alferov, Lead sentenceZhores Ivanovich Alferov (15 March 1930-1 March 2019) was a Soviet and Russian physicist who contributed significantly to the creation of modern heterostructure physics and electronics.View the SourcePierre Duhem (Wikipedia)tier 3WikipediaHas Scientist: Pierre Duhem, Lead sentenceQuote, Has Scientist: Pierre Duhem, Lead sentencePierre Maurice Marie Duhem (; 9 June 1861-14 September 1916) was a French theoretical physicist who made significant contributions to thermodynamics, hydrodynamics, and the theory of elasticity.View the SourceWalter Gilbert (Wikipedia)tier 3WikipediaHas Scientist: Walter Gilbert, Lead sentenceQuote, Has Scientist: Walter Gilbert, Lead sentenceWalter Gilbert (born March 21, 1932) is an American biochemist, physicist, molecular biology pioneer, and Nobel laureate.View the SourceWikipedia: Andrew Yaotier 3WikipediaHas Scientist: Andrew Yao, Lead sentenceQuote, Has Scientist: Andrew Yao, Lead sentenceAndrew Chi-Chih Yao (; born December 24, 1946) is a Chinese computer scientist, theoretical physicist, and computational theorist.View the SourceRosalyn Sussman Yalow (Wikipedia)Has Scientist: Rosalyn Yalow, Lead sentenceQuote, Has Scientist: Rosalyn Yalow, Lead sentenceRosalyn Sussman Yalow (July 19, 1921, May 30, 2011) was an American medical physicist, and a co-winner of the 1977 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (together with Roger Guillemin and Andrew Schally) for development of the radioimmunoassay technique.View the SourceGerolamo Cardano, WikipediaHas Scientist: Gerolamo Cardano, Lead sentenceQuote, Has Scientist: Gerolamo Cardano, Lead sentenceGerolamo Cardano (; also Girolamo or Geronimo; ; ; 24 September 1501, 21 September 1576) was an Italian polymath whose interests and proficiencies ranged through those of mathematician, physician, biologist, physicist, chemist, astrologer, astronomer, philosopher, music theorist, writer, andView the SourceKenneth G. Wilson (Wikipedia)Has Scientist: Kenneth G. Wilson, Lead sentenceQuote, Has Scientist: Kenneth G. Wilson, Lead sentenceKenneth Geddes "Ken" Wilson (June 8, 1936, June 15, 2013) was an American theoretical physicist and a pioneer in using computers for studying particle physics.View the SourceLeo Kadanoff (Wikipedia)Has Scientist: Leo Kadanoff, Lead sentenceQuote, Has Scientist: Leo Kadanoff, Lead sentenceLeo Philip Kadanoff (January 14, 1937, October 26, 2015) was an American physicist.View the SourceMichael Fisher (Wikipedia)Has Scientist: Michael E. Fisher, Lead sentenceQuote, Has Scientist: Michael E. Fisher, Lead sentenceMichael Ellis Fisher (3 September 1931-26 November 2021) was an English physicist, as well as chemist and mathematician, known for his many seminal contributionsView the SourceGerard 't Hooft (Wikipedia)Has Scientist: Gerard 't Hooft, Lead sentenceQuote, Has Scientist: Gerard 't Hooft, Lead sentenceGerardus "Gerard" 't Hooft (; born 5 July 1946) is a Dutch theoretical physicist and professor emeritus at Utrecht University, the Netherlands.View the SourceLeon M. Lederman (Wikipedia)Has Scientist: Leon M. Lederman, Lead sentenceQuote, Has Scientist: Leon M. Lederman, Lead sentenceLeon Max Lederman (July 15, 1922, October 3, 2018) was an American experimental physicist who received the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1988, along with Melvin Schwartz and Jack Steinberger, for research on neutrinos.View the SourceMartin Lewis Perl (Wikipedia)Has Scientist: Martin Lewis Perl, Lead sentenceQuote, Has Scientist: Martin Lewis Perl, Lead sentenceMartin Lewis Perl (June 24, 1927, September 30, 2014) was an American chemical engineer and physicist who won the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1995 for his discovery of the tau lepton.View the SourceErwin Hahn - WikipediaHas Scientist: Erwin Hahn, Lead sentenceQuote, Has Scientist: Erwin Hahn, Lead sentenceErwin Louis Hahn (June 9, 1921, September 20, 2016) was an American physicist, best known for his work on nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR).View the SourceTheodore Maiman - WikipediaHas Scientist: Theodore Maiman, Lead sentenceQuote, Has Scientist: Theodore Maiman, Lead sentenceTheodore Harold Maiman (July 11, 1927, May 5, 2007) was an American engineer and physicist who is widely credited with the invention of the laser.View the SourceConyers Herring - WikipediaHas Scientist: Conyers Herring, Lead sentenceQuote, Has Scientist: Conyers Herring, Lead sentenceWilliam Conyers Herring (November 15, 1914 - July 23, 2009) was an American physicist.View the SourceBruno Rossi (Wikipedia)Has Scientist: Bruno Rossi, Lead sentenceQuote, Has Scientist: Bruno Rossi, Lead sentenceBruno Benedetto Rossi ( , ; 13 April 1905-21 November 1993) was an Italian-American experimental physicist.View the SourceHerbert Friedman (Wikipedia)Has Scientist: Herbert Friedman, Lead sentenceQuote, Has Scientist: Herbert Friedman, Lead sentenceHerbert Friedman (June 21, 1916, September 9, 2000) was an American physicist and astronomer who did research in X-ray astronomy.View the SourcePierre-Gilles de Gennes (Wikipedia)Has Scientist: Pierre-Gilles de Gennes, Lead sentenceQuote, Has Scientist: Pierre-Gilles de Gennes, Lead sentencePierre-Gilles de Gennes (24 October 1932 - 18 May 2007) was a French physicist and the Nobel Prize laureate in physics in 1991.View the SourceMaurice Goldhaber (Wikipedia)Has Scientist: Maurice Goldhaber, Lead sentenceQuote, Has Scientist: Maurice Goldhaber, Lead sentenceMaurice Goldhaber (April 18, 1911 - May 11, 2011) was an American physicist and director of Brookhaven National Laboratory.View the SourceValentine Telegdi (Wikipedia)Has Scientist: Valentine Telegdi, Lead sentenceQuote, Has Scientist: Valentine Telegdi, Lead sentenceValentine Louis "Val" Telegdi (Hungarian: Telegdi Bálint; 11 January 1922 - April 8, 2006) was a Hungarian-American physicist.View the SourceVitaly Ginzburg (Wikipedia)tier 3WikipediaHas Scientist: Vitaly Ginzburg, Lead sentenceQuote, Has Scientist: Vitaly Ginzburg, Lead sentenceVitaly Lazarevich Ginzburg ForMemRS (;, 8 November 2009) was a Russian physicist who was honored with the Nobel Prize in Physics in 2003, together with Alexei Abrikosov and Anthony Leggett for their "pioneering contributions to the theory of superconductors and superfluids."View the SourceBertrand Halperin (Wikipedia)Has Scientist: Bertrand Halperin, Lead sentenceQuote, Has Scientist: Bertrand Halperin, Lead sentenceBertrand I. Halperin (born December 6, 1941) is an American physicist, former holder of the Hollis Chair of Mathematicks and Natural Philosophy at the physics department of Harvard University.View the SourceWikipedia: Albert Ferttier 3WikipediaHas Scientist: Albert Fert, Lead sentenceQuote, Has Scientist: Albert Fert, Lead sentenceAlbert Fert (; born 7 March 1938) is a French physicist and one of the discoverers of giant magnetoresistance which brought about a breakthrough in gigabyte hard disks.View the SourceHarald Rose (Wikipedia)Has Scientist: Harald Rose, Lead sentenceQuote, Has Scientist: Harald Rose, Lead sentenceHarald Rose (born 14 February 1935; died 27 July 2026) was a German physicist.View the SourceKnut Urban (Wikipedia)Has Scientist: Knut Urban, Lead sentenceQuote, Has Scientist: Knut Urban, Lead sentenceKnut W. Urban (born 25 June 1941) is a German physicist.View the SourceMaximilian Haider (Wikipedia)Has Scientist: Maximilian Haider, Lead sentenceQuote, Has Scientist: Maximilian Haider, Lead sentenceMaximilian Haider (born 23 January 1950) is an Austrian physicist known for his contributions to electron microscopy.View the SourceJacob Bekenstein - WikipediaHas Scientist: Jacob Bekenstein, Lead sentenceQuote, Has Scientist: Jacob Bekenstein, Lead sentenceJacob David Bekenstein (; May 1, 1947, August 16, 2015) was a Mexican-born American-Israeli theoretical physicist who made fundamental contributions to the foundation of black hole thermodynamics and to other aspects of the connections between information and gravitation.View the SourcePeter Zoller (Wikipedia)tier 3WikipediaHas Scientist: Peter Zoller, Lead sentenceQuote, Has Scientist: Peter Zoller, Lead sentencePeter Zoller, FRS (born 16 September 1952) is a theoretical physicist from Austria.View the SourceRafi Bistritzer - WikipediaHas Scientist: Rafi Bistritzer, Lead sentenceQuote, Has Scientist: Rafi Bistritzer, Lead sentenceRafi Bistritzer (; born 1974 in Israel) is an Israeli physicist, and manager of an algorithms group at Applied Materials.View the SourceJames P. Eisenstein - WikipediaHas Scientist: James P. Eisenstein, Lead sentenceQuote, Has Scientist: James P. Eisenstein, Lead sentenceJames P. Eisenstein (born May 15, 1952) is an American physicist.View the SourceEdward C. Stone - WikipediaHas Scientist: Edward C. Stone, Lead sentenceQuote, Has Scientist: Edward C. Stone, Lead sentenceEdward Carroll Stone Jr. (January 23, 1936, June 9, 2024) was an American space physicist, professor of physics at the California Institute of Technology, and director of the NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) from 1991 to 2001. He was the project scientist of the Voyager program, which sent twoView the SourceDon Eigler (Wikipedia)tier 3WikipediaHas Scientist: Donald Eigler, Lead sentenceQuote, Has Scientist: Donald Eigler, Lead sentenceDonald Mark Eigler (March 23, 1953) is an American physicist associated with nanotechnology at the IBM Almaden Research Center.View the SourceChristoph Gerber (Wikipedia)Has Scientist: Christoph Gerber, Lead sentenceQuote, Has Scientist: Christoph Gerber, Lead sentenceChristoph Gerber (born 1942) is a Swiss physicist and professor at the University of Basel.View the SourceCalvin Quate (Wikipedia)Has Scientist: Calvin Quate, Lead sentenceQuote, Has Scientist: Calvin Quate, Lead sentenceCalvin Forrest Quate (December 7, 1923, July 6, 2019) was an American electrical engineer and physicist best known for his contributions to microscopy.View the SourceOndrej Krivanek (Wikipedia)Has Scientist: Ondrej Krivanek, Lead sentenceQuote, Has Scientist: Ondrej Krivanek, Lead sentenceOndrej Ladislav Krivanek (; born 1 August 1950) is a Czech-British physicist resident in the United States, and a leading developer of electron-optical instrumentation.View the SourceEva Andrei (Wikipedia)Has Scientist: Eva Andrei, Lead sentenceQuote, Has Scientist: Eva Andrei, Lead sentenceEva Yocheved Andrei is an American condensed matter physicist, a Distinguished Professor, and a Board of Governors Professor at Rutgers University.View the SourcePeter Debye (Wikipedia)Has Scientist: Peter Debye, Lead sentenceQuote, Has Scientist: Peter Debye, Lead sentencePeter Joseph William Debye ( ; born Petrus Josephus Wilhelmus Debije, ; March 24, 1884, November 2, 1966) was a Dutch-American physicist and physical chemist, and Nobel laureate in Chemistry.View the SourceJohn C. Baez (Wikipedia)Has Scientist: John C. Baez, Lead sentenceQuote, Has Scientist: John C. Baez, Lead sentenceJohn Carlos Baez ( ; born June 12, 1961) is an American mathematical physicist and a professor of mathematics at the University of California, Riverside (UCR) in Riverside, California.View the SourceAbram Alikhanov (Wikipedia)Has Scientist: Abram Alikhanov, Lead sentenceQuote, Has Scientist: Abram Alikhanov, Lead sentenceAbram Isaakovich Alikhanov (; born Abraham Alikhanian; 8 December 1970) was a Soviet experimental physicist of Armenian origin who specialized in particle and nuclear physics.View the SourceAlbert Baez (Wikipedia)Has Scientist: Albert Baez, Lead sentenceQuote, Has Scientist: Albert Baez, Lead sentenceAlbert Vinicio Báez (; November 15, 1912 - March 20, 2007) was a Mexican-American physicist and the father of singers Joan Baez and Mimi Fariña, and an uncle of John C. Baez.View the SourceDebendra Mohan Bose (Wikipedia)Has Scientist: Debendra Mohan Bose, Lead sentenceQuote, Has Scientist: Debendra Mohan Bose, Lead sentenceDebendra Mohan Bose (26 November 1885-2 June 1975) was an Indian physicist who made contributions in the field of cosmic rays, artificial radioactivity and neutron physics.View the SourceRobert Kraichnan (Wikipedia)Has Scientist: Robert Kraichnan, Lead sentenceQuote, Has Scientist: Robert Kraichnan, Lead sentenceRobert Harry Kraichnan (; January 15, 1928, February 26, 2008), a resident of Santa Fe, New Mexico, was an American theoretical physicist (fluid dynamicist) best known for his work on the theory of fluid turbulence.View the SourceAmanda Weltman (Wikipedia)Has Scientist: Amanda Weltman, Lead sentenceQuote, Has Scientist: Amanda Weltman, Lead sentenceAmanda Weltman (born 1979) is a South African theoretical physicist.View the SourceBiswarup Mukhopadhyaya (Wikipedia)Has Scientist: Biswarup Mukhopadhyaya, Lead sentenceQuote, Has Scientist: Biswarup Mukhopadhyaya, Lead sentenceBiswarup Mukhopadhyaya (born 1 August 1960) is an Indian theoretical high energy physicist and a senior professor at Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Kolkata (IISER Kolkata).View the SourceIndumadhab Mallick (Wikipedia)Has Scientist: Indumadhab Mallick, Lead sentenceQuote, Has Scientist: Indumadhab Mallick, Lead sentenceIndumadhab Mallick (; 4 December 18698 May 1917) was a Bengali polymath philosopher, physicist, botanist, lawyer, physician, entrepreneur, collector, traveler, writer and social reformer.View the SourceAsok Kumar Barua (Wikipedia)Has Scientist: Asok Kumar Barua, Lead sentenceQuote, Has Scientist: Asok Kumar Barua, Lead sentenceAsok Kumar Barua (1 July 1936-30 May 2021) was an Indian condensed matter physicist and the honorary Emeritus Professor of Indian Institute of Engineering Science and Technology, Shibpur, who focused on research in optics and optoelectronics.View the SourceLenur Arifov (Wikipedia)Has Scientist: Lenur Arifov, Lead sentenceQuote, Has Scientist: Lenur Arifov, Lead sentenceLenur Yagya Arifov (; 10 December 1938-11 March 2018) was a physicist who conducted research on general relativity, gravity, cosmology, relativistic astrophysics and nuclear physics.View the SourceMd. Hanifuddin Miah (Wikipedia)Has Scientist: Md. Hanifuddin Miah, Lead sentenceQuote, Has Scientist: Md. Hanifuddin Miah, Lead sentenceMd. Hanifuddin Miah (1 November 1929-11 March 2007) was a Bangladeshi physicist and mathematician.View the SourceHermanus Haga (Wikipedia)Has Scientist: Hermanus Haga, Lead sentenceQuote, Has Scientist: Hermanus Haga, Lead sentenceHerman Haga (Oldeboorn, 24 January 1852, Zeist, 11 September 1936) was a Dutch physicist.View the SourceEdward Witten (Wikipedia)Has Scientist: Edward Witten, Lead sentenceQuote, Has Scientist: Edward Witten, Lead sentenceEdward Witten (born August 26, 1951) is an American theoretical physicist known for his contributions to string theory, topological quantum field theory, general relativity and various areas of mathematics.View the SourceMartin Hairer (Wikipedia)Has Scientist: Martin Hairer, Lead sentenceQuote, Has Scientist: Martin Hairer, Lead sentenceSir Martin Hairer KBE FRS (born 14 November 1975) is an Austrian-British mathematician and mathematical physicist working in the field of stochastic analysis, in particular stochastic partial differential equations.View the SourceMaxim Kontsevich (Wikipedia)Has Scientist: Maxim Kontsevich, Lead sentenceQuote, Has Scientist: Maxim Kontsevich, Lead sentenceMaxim Lvovich Kontsevich (, ; born 25 August 1964) is a Russian and French mathematician and mathematical physicist.View the SourceEdward Victor Appleton (Wikipedia)Has Scientist: Edward Victor Appleton, Lead sentenceQuote, Has Scientist: Edward Victor Appleton, Lead sentenceSir Edward Victor Appleton (6 September 1892-21 April 1965) was an English physicist who received the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1947 for his contributions to the knowledge of the ionosphere, which led to the development of radar and shortwave radio.View the SourceBen Roy Mottelson (Wikipedia)Has Scientist: Ben Mottelson, Lead sentenceQuote, Has Scientist: Ben Mottelson, Lead sentenceBenjamin Roy Mottelson (9 July 1926-13 May 2022) was an American-Danish nuclear physicist.View the SourceNevill Mott (Wikipedia)Has Scientist: Nevill Francis Mott, Lead sentenceQuote, Has Scientist: Nevill Francis Mott, Lead sentenceSir Nevill Francis Mott (30 September 1905-8 August 1996) was a British theoretical physicist who won the Nobel Prize for Physics in 1977 for his work on the electronic structure of magnetic and disordered systems, especially amorphous semiconductors.View the SourcePurushottam Chakraborty (Wikipedia)Has Scientist: Purushottam Chakraborty, Lead sentenceQuote, Has Scientist: Purushottam Chakraborty, Lead sentencePurushottam Chakraborty is a distinguished Indian Physicist who does research on materials analysis using ion beams and secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS).View the SourcePieter Zeeman (Wikipedia)Has Scientist: Pieter Zeeman, Infobox, fieldsQuote, Has Scientist: Pieter Zeeman, Infobox, fieldsInfobox fields: PhysicsView the SourceHenri Becquerel (Wikipedia)Has Scientist: Henri Becquerel, Infobox, fieldsQuote, Has Scientist: Henri Becquerel, Infobox, fieldsInfobox fields: PhysicsView the SourceGabriel Lippmann (Wikipedia)Has Scientist: Gabriel Lippmann, Infobox, fieldsQuote, Has Scientist: Gabriel Lippmann, Infobox, fieldsInfobox fields: PhysicsView the SourceJohannes Diderik van der Waals (Wikipedia)Has Scientist: Johannes Diderik van der Waals, Infobox, fieldsQuote, Has Scientist: Johannes Diderik van der Waals, Infobox, fieldsInfobox fields: PhysicsView the SourceWilhelm Wien (Wikipedia)Has Scientist: Wilhelm Wien, Infobox, fieldsQuote, Has Scientist: Wilhelm Wien, Infobox, fieldsInfobox fields: PhysicsView the SourceHeike Kamerlingh Onnes (Wikipedia)Has Scientist: Heike Kamerlingh Onnes, Infobox, fieldsQuote, Has Scientist: Heike Kamerlingh Onnes, Infobox, fieldsInfobox fields: PhysicsView the SourceJohannes Stark (Wikipedia)Has Scientist: Johannes Stark, Infobox, fieldsQuote, Has Scientist: Johannes Stark, Infobox, fieldsInfobox fields: PhysicsView the SourceManne Siegbahn (Wikipedia)Has Scientist: Manne Siegbahn, Infobox, fieldsQuote, Has Scientist: Manne Siegbahn, Infobox, fieldsInfobox fields: PhysicsView the SourceJean Perrin (Wikipedia)Has Scientist: Jean Perrin, Infobox, fieldsQuote, Has Scientist: Jean Perrin, Infobox, fieldsInfobox fields: PhysicsView the SourceArthur Compton (Wikipedia)Has Scientist: Arthur Compton, Infobox, fieldsQuote, Has Scientist: Arthur Compton, Infobox, fieldsInfobox fields: PhysicsView the SourceOwen Richardson (Wikipedia)Has Scientist: Owen Richardson, Infobox, fieldsQuote, Has Scientist: Owen Richardson, Infobox, fieldsInfobox fields: PhysicsView the SourceLouis de Broglie (Wikipedia)Has Scientist: Louis de Broglie, Infobox, fieldsQuote, Has Scientist: Louis de Broglie, Infobox, fieldsInfobox fields: PhysicsView the SourceCarl David Anderson (Wikipedia)Has Scientist: Carl David Anderson, Infobox, fieldsQuote, Has Scientist: Carl David Anderson, Infobox, fieldsInfobox fields: PhysicsView the SourceClinton Davisson (Wikipedia)Has Scientist: Clinton Joseph Davisson, Infobox, fieldsQuote, Has Scientist: Clinton Joseph Davisson, Infobox, fieldsInfobox fields: PhysicsView the SourceOtto Stern (Wikipedia)Has Scientist: Otto Stern, Infobox, fieldsQuote, Has Scientist: Otto Stern, Infobox, fieldsInfobox fields: PhysicsView the SourcePercy Williams Bridgman (Wikipedia)Has Scientist: Percy Williams Bridgman, Infobox, fieldsQuote, Has Scientist: Percy Williams Bridgman, Infobox, fieldsInfobox fields: PhysicsView the SourceErnest Walton (Wikipedia)Has Scientist: Ernest Walton, Infobox, fieldsQuote, Has Scientist: Ernest Walton, Infobox, fieldsInfobox fields: PhysicsView the SourceFrits Zernike (Wikipedia)Has Scientist: Frits Zernike, Infobox, fieldsQuote, Has Scientist: Frits Zernike, Infobox, fieldsInfobox fields: PhysicsView the SourceWalther Bothe (Wikipedia)Has Scientist: Walther Bothe, Infobox, fieldsQuote, Has Scientist: Walther Bothe, Infobox, fieldsInfobox fields: PhysicsView the SourceWillis Lamb (Wikipedia)Has Scientist: Willis Lamb, Infobox, fieldsQuote, Has Scientist: Willis Lamb, Infobox, fieldsInfobox fields: Atomic physics Quantum physicsView the SourcePolykarp Kusch (Wikipedia)Has Scientist: Polykarp Kusch, Infobox, fieldsQuote, Has Scientist: Polykarp Kusch, Infobox, fieldsInfobox fields: PhysicsView the SourcePavel Cherenkov (Wikipedia)Has Scientist: Pavel Cherenkov, Infobox, fieldsQuote, Has Scientist: Pavel Cherenkov, Infobox, fieldsInfobox fields: Tree list Physics Nuclear physics Tree list/endView the SourceEugene Wigner (Wikipedia)Has Scientist: Eugene Wigner, Infobox, fieldsQuote, Has Scientist: Eugene Wigner, Infobox, fieldsInfobox fields: Theoretical physics; Atomic physics; Nuclear physics; Solid-state physicsView the SourceAlfred Kastler (Wikipedia)Has Scientist: Alfred Kastler, Infobox, fieldsQuote, Has Scientist: Alfred Kastler, Infobox, fieldsInfobox fields: PhysicsView the SourceDennis Gabor (Wikipedia)Has Scientist: Dennis Gabor, Infobox, fieldsQuote, Has Scientist: Dennis Gabor, Infobox, fieldsInfobox fields: PhysicsView the SourceJohn Robert Schrieffer (Wikipedia)tier 3WikipediaHas Scientist: John Robert Schrieffer, Infobox, fieldsQuote, Has Scientist: John Robert Schrieffer, Infobox, fieldsInfobox fields: PhysicsView the SourceLeo Esaki (Wikipedia)Has Scientist: Leo Esaki, Infobox, fieldsQuote, Has Scientist: Leo Esaki, Infobox, fieldsInfobox fields: PhysicsView the SourceIvar Giaever (Wikipedia)Has Scientist: Ivar Giaever, Infobox, fieldsQuote, Has Scientist: Ivar Giaever, Infobox, fieldsInfobox fields: PhysicsView the SourceBrian Josephson (Wikipedia)Has Scientist: Brian Josephson, Infobox, fieldsQuote, Has Scientist: Brian Josephson, Infobox, fieldsInfobox fields: PhysicsView the SourceNicolaas Bloembergen (Wikipedia)Has Scientist: Nicolaas Bloembergen, Infobox, fieldsQuote, Has Scientist: Nicolaas Bloembergen, Infobox, fieldsInfobox fields: PhysicsView the SourceArthur Leonard Schawlow (Wikipedia)Has Scientist: Arthur Schawlow, Infobox, fieldsQuote, Has Scientist: Arthur Schawlow, Infobox, fieldsInfobox fields: PhysicsView the SourceKai Siegbahn (Wikipedia)Has Scientist: Kai Siegbahn, Infobox, fieldsQuote, Has Scientist: Kai Siegbahn, Infobox, fieldsInfobox fields: PhysicsView the SourceGeorg Bednorz (Wikipedia)Has Scientist: Georg Bednorz, Infobox, fieldsQuote, Has Scientist: Georg Bednorz, Infobox, fieldsInfobox fields: PhysicsView the SourceGeorges Charpak (Wikipedia)Has Scientist: Georges Charpak, Infobox, fieldsQuote, Has Scientist: Georges Charpak, Infobox, fieldsInfobox fields: PhysicsView the SourceDavid M. Lee (Wikipedia)Has Scientist: David M. Lee, Infobox, fieldsQuote, Has Scientist: David M. Lee, Infobox, fieldsInfobox fields: PhysicsView the SourceDouglas Osheroff (Wikipedia)Has Scientist: Douglas Osheroff, Infobox, fieldsQuote, Has Scientist: Douglas Osheroff, Infobox, fieldsInfobox fields: Experimental Physics, Condensed Matter PhysicsView the SourceWilliam Daniel Phillips (Wikipedia)Has Scientist: William D. Phillips, Infobox, fieldsQuote, Has Scientist: William D. Phillips, Infobox, fieldsInfobox fields: PhysicsView the SourceRobert B. Laughlin (Wikipedia)Has Scientist: Robert B. Laughlin, Infobox, fieldsQuote, Has Scientist: Robert B. Laughlin, Infobox, fieldsInfobox fields: Theoretical physicsView the SourceMartinus J. G. Veltman (Wikipedia)Has Scientist: Martinus J. G. Veltman, Infobox, fieldsQuote, Has Scientist: Martinus J. G. Veltman, Infobox, fieldsInfobox fields: PhysicsView the SourceHerbert Kroemer (Wikipedia)Has Scientist: Herbert Kroemer, Infobox, fieldsQuote, Has Scientist: Herbert Kroemer, Infobox, fieldsInfobox fields: PhysicsView the SourceDavid J. Wineland (Wikipedia)Has Scientist: David J. Wineland, Infobox, fieldsQuote, Has Scientist: David J. Wineland, Infobox, fieldsInfobox fields: Quantum physicsView the SourceBidyendu Mohan Deb (Wikipedia)Has Scientist: Bidyendu Mohan Deb, Lead sentenceQuote, Has Scientist: Bidyendu Mohan Deb, Lead sentenceBidyendu Mohan Deb (born 27 September 1942) is an Indian theoretical chemist, chemical physicist and a professor at the Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Kolkata (IISER).View the SourceBiswa Ranjan Nag (Wikipedia)Has Scientist: Biswa Ranjan Nag, Lead sentenceQuote, Has Scientist: Biswa Ranjan Nag, Lead sentenceBiswa Ranjan Nag (1 October 1932-6 April 2004) was an Indian physicist and the Sisir Kumar Mitra chair professor at Rajabazar Science College, University of Calcutta.View the SourceRollan Kadyev (Wikipedia)Has Scientist: Rollan Kadyev, Lead sentenceQuote, Has Scientist: Rollan Kadyev, Lead sentenceRollan Kemalevich Kadyev (, ; 9 April 1937-15 May 1990) was a Crimean Tatar physicist and civil rights activist in the Soviet Union.View the SourceNikolay Semyonov (Wikipedia)Has Scientist: Nikolay Semyonov, Lead sentenceQuote, Has Scientist: Nikolay Semyonov, Lead sentenceNikolay Nikolayevich Semyonov , sometimes Semenov, Semionov or Semenoff (;, 25 September 1986) was a Soviet physicist and chemist.View the SourceLars Onsager (Wikipedia)Has Scientist: Lars Onsager, Lead sentenceQuote, Has Scientist: Lars Onsager, Lead sentenceLars Onsager (27 November 1903 - 5 October 1976) was a Norwegian American physical chemist and theoretical physicist.View the SourceGerhard Herzberg (Wikipedia)Has Scientist: Gerhard Herzberg, Lead sentenceQuote, Has Scientist: Gerhard Herzberg, Lead sentenceGerhard Heinrich Friedrich Otto Julius Herzberg, (December 25, 1904 - March 3, 1999) was a German-Canadian pioneering physicist and physical chemist, who won the Nobel Prize for Chemistry in 1971, "for his contributions to the knowledge of electronic structure and geometry of moleculesView the SourceWalter Kohn (Wikipedia)Has Scientist: Walter Kohn, Lead sentenceQuote, Has Scientist: Walter Kohn, Lead sentenceWalter Kohn (; March 9, 1923, April 19, 2016) was an Austrian-American theoretical physicist and theoretical chemist.View the SourceWikipedia: Alan Heegertier 3WikipediaHas Scientist: Alan Heeger, Lead sentenceQuote, Has Scientist: Alan Heeger, Lead sentenceAlan Jay Heeger (born January 22, 1936) is an American physicist, academic and Nobel Prize laureate in chemistry.View the SourceGerhard Ertl (Wikipedia)Has Scientist: Gerhard Ertl, Lead sentenceQuote, Has Scientist: Gerhard Ertl, Lead sentenceGerhard Ertl (; born 10 October 1936) is a German physicist and a Professor emeritus at the Department of Physical Chemistry, Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft in Berlin, Germany.View the SourcePhilipp Lenard (Wikipedia)Has Scientist: Philipp Lenard, Lead sentenceQuote, Has Scientist: Philipp Lenard, Lead sentencePhilipp Eduard Anton von Lenard (; 7 June 1862-20 May 1947) was a Hungarian-German experimental physicist who received the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1905 for his work on cathode rays.View the SourceRobert Millikan (Wikipedia)Has Scientist: Robert Millikan, Lead sentenceQuote, Has Scientist: Robert Millikan, Lead sentenceRobert Andrews Millikan (March 22, 1868, December 19, 1953) was an American experimental physicist who received the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1923 "for his work on the elementary charge of electricity and on the photoelectric effect."View the SourceGeorge Paget Thomson (Wikipedia)Has Scientist: George Paget Thomson, Lead sentenceQuote, Has Scientist: George Paget Thomson, Lead sentenceSir George Paget Thomson (3 May 1892-10 September 1975) was a British experimental physicist who shared the 1937 Nobel Prize in Physics with Clinton Davisson "for their experimental discovery of the diffraction of electrons by crystals." His father, J. J. Thomson, won the Nobel Prize in 1906 "forView the SourcePatrick Blackett (Wikipedia)Has Scientist: Patrick Blackett, Lead sentenceQuote, Has Scientist: Patrick Blackett, Lead sentencePatrick Maynard Stuart Blackett, Baron Blackett of Chelsea (18 November 1897-13 July 1974), was a British experimental physicist and life peer who received the 1948 Nobel Prize in Physics.View the SourceJohn Cockcroft (Wikipedia)Has Scientist: John Cockcroft, Lead sentenceQuote, Has Scientist: John Cockcroft, Lead sentenceSir John Douglas Cockcroft (27 May 1897-18 September 1967) was a British experimental physicist who shared the 1951 Nobel Prize in Physics with Ernest Walton for their splitting of the atomic nucleus, which led to the development of nuclear power and weapons.View the SourceIlya Frank (Wikipedia)Has Scientist: Ilya Frank, Lead sentenceQuote, Has Scientist: Ilya Frank, Lead sentenceIlya Mikhailovich Frank (; 23 October 1908-22 June 1990) was a Soviet physicist who received the 1958 Nobel Prize in Physics, jointly with Pavel Cherenkov and Igor Tamm, also of the Soviet Union.View the SourceIgor Tamm (Wikipedia)Has Scientist: Igor Tamm, Lead sentenceQuote, Has Scientist: Igor Tamm, Lead sentenceIgor Yevgenyevich Tamm (; 8 July 1895-12 April 1971) was a Soviet physicist who received the 1958 Nobel Prize in Physics, jointly with Pavel Cherenkov and Ilya Frank, for their 1934 discovery and demonstration of Cherenkov radiation.View the SourceOwen Chamberlain (Wikipedia)Has Scientist: Owen Chamberlain, Lead sentenceQuote, Has Scientist: Owen Chamberlain, Lead sentenceOwen Chamberlain (July 10, 1920 - February 28, 2006) was an American physicist who shared with Emilio Segrè the Nobel Prize in Physics for the discovery of the antiproton, a sub-atomic antiparticle.View the SourceRobert Hofstadter (Wikipedia)Has Scientist: Robert Hofstadter, Lead sentenceQuote, Has Scientist: Robert Hofstadter, Lead sentenceRobert Hofstadter (February 5, 1915, November 17, 1990) was an American physicist.View the SourceMaria Goeppert Mayer (Wikipedia)Has Scientist: Maria Goeppert Mayer, Lead sentenceQuote, Has Scientist: Maria Goeppert Mayer, Lead sentenceMaria Goeppert Mayer (; ; June 28, 1906, February 20, 1972) was a German-American theoretical physicist who shared the 1963 Nobel Prize in Physics with J. Hans D. Jensen and Eugene Wigner.View the SourceJ. Hans D. Jensen (Wikipedia)Has Scientist: J. Hans D. Jensen, Lead sentenceQuote, Has Scientist: J. Hans D. Jensen, Lead sentenceJohannes Hans Daniel Jensen (; 25 June 1907-11 February 1973) was a German theoretical physicist.View the SourceCharles H. Townes (Wikipedia)tier 3WikipediaHas Scientist: Charles Townes, Lead sentenceQuote, Has Scientist: Charles Townes, Lead sentenceCharles Hard Townes (July 28, 1915, January 27, 2015) was an American physicist.View the SourceNikolay Basov (Wikipedia)Has Scientist: Nikolay Basov, Lead sentenceQuote, Has Scientist: Nikolay Basov, Lead sentenceNikolay Gennadiyevich Basov (; 14 December 1922-1 July 2001) was a Soviet physicist and educator.View the SourceAlexander Prokhorov (Wikipedia)Has Scientist: Alexander Prokhorov, Lead sentenceQuote, Has Scientist: Alexander Prokhorov, Lead sentenceAlexander Mikhailovich Prokhorov (born Alexander Michael Prochoroff; ; 11 July 1916-8 January 2002) was an Australian-born Soviet physicist and researcher whose work focused on quantum electronics.View the SourceLuis Walter Alvarez (Wikipedia)Has Scientist: Luis Walter Alvarez, Lead sentenceQuote, Has Scientist: Luis Walter Alvarez, Lead sentenceLuis Walter Alvarez (June 13, 1911, September 1, 1988) was an American experimental physicist, inventor, and professor who was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1968 for his discovery of resonance states in particle physics using the hydrogen bubble chamber.View the SourceAage Bohr (Wikipedia)Has Scientist: Aage Bohr, Lead sentenceQuote, Has Scientist: Aage Bohr, Lead sentenceAage Niels Bohr (; 19 June 1922-8 September 2009) was a Danish nuclear physicist who shared the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1975 with Ben Roy Mottelson and James Rainwater "for the discovery of the connection between collective motion and particle motion in atomic nuclei and the development of theView the SourceJames Rainwater (Wikipedia)Has Scientist: James Rainwater, Lead sentenceQuote, Has Scientist: James Rainwater, Lead sentenceLeo James Rainwater (December 9, 1917, May 31, 1986) was an American physicist who shared the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1975 for his part in determining the asymmetrical shapes of certain atomic nuclei.View the SourceBurton Richter (Wikipedia)Has Scientist: Burton Richter, Lead sentenceQuote, Has Scientist: Burton Richter, Lead sentenceBurton Richter (March 22, 1931, July 18, 2018) was an American physicist.View the SourceJohn Hasbrouck Van Vleck (Wikipedia)Has Scientist: John Hasbrouck Van Vleck, Lead sentenceQuote, Has Scientist: John Hasbrouck Van Vleck, Lead sentenceJohn Hasbrouck Van Vleck (; March 13, 1899, October 27, 1980) was an American physicist and mathematician who won the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1977 for his contributions to the understanding of the behavior of electronic magnetism in solids.View the SourceJames Cronin (Wikipedia)Has Scientist: James Cronin, Lead sentenceQuote, Has Scientist: James Cronin, Lead sentenceJames Watson Cronin (September 29, 1931, August 25, 2016) was an American particle physicist.View the SourceCarlo Rubbia (Wikipedia)Has Scientist: Carlo Rubbia, Lead sentenceQuote, Has Scientist: Carlo Rubbia, Lead sentenceCarlo Rubbia (; born 31 March 1934) is an Italian particle physicist and inventor who shared the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1984 with Simon van der Meer for work leading to the discovery of the W and Z particles at CERN.View the SourceSimon van der Meer (Wikipedia)Has Scientist: Simon van der Meer, Lead sentenceQuote, Has Scientist: Simon van der Meer, Lead sentenceSimon van der Meer (24 November 19254 March 2011) was a Dutch particle accelerator physicist who shared the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1984 with Carlo Rubbia for contributions to the CERN project which led to the discovery of the W and Z particles, the two fundamental communicators of the weakView the SourceKlaus von Klitzing (Wikipedia)Has Scientist: Klaus von Klitzing, Lead sentenceQuote, Has Scientist: Klaus von Klitzing, Lead sentenceKlaus von Klitzing (; born 28 June 1943) is a German physicist, known for discovery of the integer quantum Hall effect, for which he was awarded the 1985 Nobel Prize in Physics.View the SourceMelvin Schwartz (Wikipedia)Has Scientist: Melvin Schwartz, Lead sentenceQuote, Has Scientist: Melvin Schwartz, Lead sentenceMelvin Schwartz ( ; November 2, 1932, August 28, 2006) was an American physicist.View the SourceJack Steinberger (Wikipedia)Has Scientist: Jack Steinberger, Lead sentenceQuote, Has Scientist: Jack Steinberger, Lead sentenceJack Steinberger (born Hans Jakob Steinberger; May 25, 1921December 12, 2020) was a German-born American physicist noted for his work with neutrinos, the subatomic particles considered to be elementary constituents of matter.View the SourceNorman Ramsey Jr. (Wikipedia)Has Scientist: Norman Foster Ramsey Jr., Lead sentenceQuote, Has Scientist: Norman Foster Ramsey Jr., Lead sentenceNorman Foster Ramsey Jr. (August 27, 1915, November 4, 2011) was an American physicist who was awarded the 1989 Nobel Prize in Physics for the invention of the separated oscillatory field method (see Ramsey interferometry), which had important applications in the construction of atomic clocks.View the SourceHans Georg Dehmelt (Wikipedia)Has Scientist: Hans Georg Dehmelt, Lead sentenceQuote, Has Scientist: Hans Georg Dehmelt, Lead sentenceHans Georg Dehmelt (; 9 September 1922-7 March 2017) was a German and American physicist, who was awarded a Nobel Prize in Physics in 1989, for co-developing the ion trap technique (Penning trap) with Wolfgang Paul, for which they shared one-half of the prize (the other half of the Prize in thatView the SourceWolfgang Paul (Wikipedia)Has Scientist: Wolfgang Paul, Lead sentenceQuote, Has Scientist: Wolfgang Paul, Lead sentenceWolfgang Paul (10 August 1913 - 7 December 1993) was a German physicist, who co-developed the non-magnetic quadrupole mass filter which laid the foundation for what is now called an ion trap.View the SourceRichard E. Taylor (Wikipedia)Has Scientist: Richard E. Taylor, Lead sentenceQuote, Has Scientist: Richard E. Taylor, Lead sentenceRichard Edward Taylor (2 November 1929-22 February 2018), was a Canadian physicist and Stanford University professor.View the SourceJerome Isaac Friedman (Wikipedia)Has Scientist: Jerome Isaac Friedman, Lead sentenceQuote, Has Scientist: Jerome Isaac Friedman, Lead sentenceJerome Isaac Friedman (born March 28, 1930) is an American physicist.View the SourceHenry Way Kendall (Wikipedia)Has Scientist: Henry Way Kendall, Lead sentenceQuote, Has Scientist: Henry Way Kendall, Lead sentenceHenry Way Kendall (December 9, 1926, February 15, 1999) was an American particle physicist who won the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1990 jointly with Jerome Isaac Friedman and Richard E. Taylor "for their pioneering investigations concerning deep inelastic scattering of electrons on protons and boundView the SourceBertram Brockhouse (Wikipedia)Has Scientist: Bertram N. Brockhouse, Lead sentenceQuote, Has Scientist: Bertram N. Brockhouse, Lead sentenceBertram Neville Brockhouse, (July 15, 1918 - October 13, 2003) was a Canadian physicist.View the SourceClifford Shull (Wikipedia)Has Scientist: Clifford G. Shull, Lead sentenceQuote, Has Scientist: Clifford G. Shull, Lead sentenceClifford Glenwood Shull (September 23, 1915 in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, March 31, 2001) was an American physicist.View the SourceFrederick Reines (Wikipedia)Has Scientist: Frederick Reines, Lead sentenceQuote, Has Scientist: Frederick Reines, Lead sentenceFrederick Reines ( ; March 16, 1918, August 26, 1998) was an American physicist.View the SourceSteven Chu (Wikipedia)Has Scientist: Steven Chu, Lead sentenceQuote, Has Scientist: Steven Chu, Lead sentenceSteven Chu (; born February 28, 1948) is an American physicist and former government official.View the SourceClaude Cohen-Tannoudji (Wikipedia)Has Scientist: Claude Cohen-Tannoudji, Lead sentenceQuote, Has Scientist: Claude Cohen-Tannoudji, Lead sentenceClaude Cohen-Tannoudji (; born 1 April 1933) is a French physicist at the École normale supérieure in Paris.View the SourceDaniel C. Tsui (Wikipedia)Has Scientist: Daniel C. Tsui, Lead sentenceQuote, Has Scientist: Daniel C. Tsui, Lead sentenceDaniel Chee Tsui (, born February 28, 1939) is an American physicist.View the SourceOtto von Guericke (Wikipedia)Has Scientist: Otto von Guericke, Lead sentenceQuote, Has Scientist: Otto von Guericke, Lead sentenceOtto von Guericke ( , ; ; spelled Gericke until 1666;, ) was a German scientist, inventor, mathematician, and physicist.View the SourceRoy J. Glauber (Wikipedia)Has Scientist: Roy J. Glauber, Lead sentenceQuote, Has Scientist: Roy J. Glauber, Lead sentenceRoy Jay Glauber (September 1, 1925, December 26, 2018) was an American theoretical physicist.View the SourceBenjamin Franklin (Wikipedia)Has Scientist: Benjamin Franklin, Lead sentenceQuote, Has Scientist: Benjamin Franklin, Lead sentenceBenjamin Franklin (April 17, 1790) was an American polymath active as a physicist, philosopher, statesman and inventor who was one of the Founding Fathers of the United States.View the SourceHiggs mechanism (Wikipedia)Has Theory: Higgs Mechanism, Lead sentenceQuote, Has Theory: Higgs Mechanism, Lead sentenceIn the Standard Model of particle physics, the Higgs mechanism is essential to explain the generation mechanism of the property "mass" for gauge bosons.View the SourceParity (physics) (Wikipedia)Has Theory: Parity Violation, Lead sentenceQuote, Has Theory: Parity Violation, Lead sentenceIn physics, a parity transformation (also called parity inversion) is the flip in the sign of one spatial coordinate.View the SourceString Theory (Wikipedia)tier 3WikipediaHas Theory: String Theory, Lead sentenceQuote, Has Theory: String Theory, Lead sentenceIn physics, string theory is a theoretical framework in which the point-like particles of particle physics are replaced by one-dimensional objects called strings.View the SourceCoulomb's Law (Wikipedia)tier 3WikipediaHas Theory: Coulomb's Law, Lead sentenceQuote, Has Theory: Coulomb's Law, Lead sentenceCoulomb's inverse-square law, or simply Coulomb's law, is a scientific law of physics that describes the amount of force between two electrically charged particles at rest.View the SourceMany-Worlds Interpretation (Wikipedia)tier 3WikipediaHas Theory: Many-Worlds Interpretation, Lead sentenceQuote, Has Theory: Many-Worlds Interpretation, Lead sentenceThe many-worlds interpretation (MWI) is an interpretation of quantum mechanics that asserts that the universal wave function is objectively real, and that there is no wave function collapse.View the SourceUncertainty Principle (Wikipedia)tier 3WikipediaHas Theory: Uncertainty Principle, Lead sentenceQuote, Has Theory: Uncertainty Principle, Lead sentenceThe uncertainty principle, also known as Heisenberg's indeterminacy principle, is a fundamental concept in quantum mechanics.View the SourcePlanck's Law (Wikipedia)tier 3WikipediaHas Theory: Planck's Law, Lead sentenceQuote, Has Theory: Planck's Law, Lead sentenceIn physics, Planck's law (also Planck radiation law) describes the spectral density of electromagnetic radiation emitted by a black body in thermal equilibrium at a given temperature T, when there is no net flow of matter or energy between the body and its environment.View the SourcePauli Exclusion Principle (Wikipedia)tier 3WikipediaHas Theory: Pauli Exclusion Principle, Lead sentenceQuote, Has Theory: Pauli Exclusion Principle, Lead sentenceIn quantum mechanics, the Pauli exclusion principle states that two or more identical particles with half-integer spins (i.e., fermions) cannot simultaneously occupy the same quantum state within a system that obeys the laws of quantum mechanics.View the SourceQuantum Chromodynamics (Wikipedia)tier 3WikipediaHas Theory: Quantum Chromodynamics, Lead sentenceQuote, Has Theory: Quantum Chromodynamics, Lead sentenceIn theoretical physics, quantum chromodynamics (QCD) is the study of the strong interaction between quarks mediated by gluons.View the SourceQuantum Electrodynamics (Wikipedia)tier 3WikipediaHas Theory: Quantum Electrodynamics, Lead sentenceQuote, Has Theory: Quantum Electrodynamics, Lead sentenceIn particle physics, quantum electrodynamics (QED) is the relativistic quantum field theory of electrodynamics.View the SourceConservation of mass (Wikipedia)Has Theory: Law of Conservation of Mass, Lead sentenceQuote, Has Theory: Law of Conservation of Mass, Lead sentenceIn physics and chemistry, the law of conservation of mass or principle of mass conservation states that for any system which is closed to all incoming and outgoing transfers of matter, the mass of the system must remain constant over time.View the SourceForceHas Theory: Force, Lead sentenceIn physics, a force is an action that can cause an object to change its velocity or its shape, or to resist other forces, or to cause changes of pressure in a fluid.Studies: Force, Lead sentenceIn physics, a force is an action that can cause an object to change its velocity or its shape, or to resist other forces, or to cause changes of pressure in a fluid.View the SourceMassHas Theory: Mass, Lead sentenceMass is an intrinsic physical quantity of a body which in modern physics is generally defined as the strength of an object's gravitational attraction to other bodies.Studies: Mass, Lead sentenceMass is an intrinsic physical quantity of a body which in modern physics is generally defined as the strength of an object's gravitational attraction to other bodies.View the SourceParticle DetectorHas Theory: Particle Detector, Lead sentenceIn experimental and applied particle physics, nuclear physics, and nuclear engineering, a particle detector, also known as a radiation detector, is a device used to detect, track, and/or identify ionizing particles, such as those produced by nuclear decay, cosmic radiation, or reactions in aStudies: Particle Detector, Lead sentenceIn experimental and applied particle physics, nuclear physics, and nuclear engineering, a particle detector, also known as a radiation detector, is a device used to detect, track, and/or identify ionizing particles, such as those produced by nuclear decay, cosmic radiation, or reactions in aView the SourceQuantum Entanglement (Wikipedia)tier 3WikipediaHas Theory: Quantum Entanglement, Lead paragraphQuote, Has Theory: Quantum Entanglement, Lead paragraphQuantum entanglement is the phenomenon in which the quantum state of each particle in a group cannot be described independently of the state of the others, even when the particles are separated by a large distance.View the SourcePhotoelectric Effect (Wikipedia)tier 3WikipediaHas Theory: Photoelectric Effect, Lead paragraphQuote, Has Theory: Photoelectric Effect, Lead paragraphThe phenomenon is studied in condensed matter physics, solid state, and quantum chemistry to draw inferences about the properties of atoms, molecules and solids.View the SourceMaxwell-Boltzmann distribution (Wikipedia)Has Theory: Maxwell-Boltzmann Distribution, Lead paragraphQuote, Has Theory: Maxwell-Boltzmann Distribution, Lead paragraphIn physics (in particular in statistical mechanics), the Maxwell-Boltzmann distribution, or Maxwell(ian) distribution, is a particular probability distribution named after James Clerk Maxwell and Ludwig Boltzmann.View the SourcePhysical QuantityHas Theory: Physical Quantity, Lead paragraphA physical quantity (or simply quantity) is a property of a material or system that can be quantified by measurement.Studies: Physical Quantity, Lead, sentence 1A physical quantity (or simply quantity) is a property of a material or system that can be quantified by measurement.View the SourceThermodynamic TemperatureHas Theory: Thermodynamic Temperature, Lead paragraphThermodynamic temperature, also known as absolute temperature, is a physical quantity that measures temperature starting from absolute zero, the point at which particles have minimal thermal motion.Studies: Thermodynamic Temperature, Lead, sentence 1Thermodynamic temperature, also known as absolute temperature, is a physical quantity that measures temperature starting from absolute zero, the point at which particles have minimal thermal motion.View the SourceJames H. Wilkinson - WikipediaHas Scientist: James H. Wilkinson, Lead sentenceQuote, Has Scientist: James H. Wilkinson, Lead sentenceJames Hardy Wilkinson FRS (27 September 1919-5 October 1986) was a prominent figure in the field of numerical analysis, a field at the boundary of applied mathematics and computer science particularly useful to physics and engineering.View the SourceLyman Page (Wikipedia)Has Scientist: Lyman Page, Lead sentenceQuote, Has Scientist: Lyman Page, Lead sentenceLyman Alexander Page, Jr. (born September 24, 1957) is the James S. McDonnell Distinguished University Professor of Physics at Princeton University.View the SourceTobin J. Marks (Wikipedia)Has Scientist: Tobin J. Marks, Lead sentenceQuote, Has Scientist: Tobin J. Marks, Lead sentenceTobin Jay Marks (born November 25, 1944) is an inorganic chemistry Professor, the Vladimir N. Ipatieff Professor of Catalytic Chemistry, Professor of Material Science and Engineering, Professor of Chemical and Biological Engineering, and Professor of Applied Physics at Northwestern University inView the SourceAmitava Datta (Wikipedia)Has Scientist: Amitava Datta, Lead sentenceQuote, Has Scientist: Amitava Datta, Lead sentenceAmitava Datta is an Indian scientist and professor working in the area of high energy physics, especially in context of new physics through direct (particle production) and indirect (loop effects).View the SourceSiva Brata Bhattacherjee (Wikipedia)Has Scientist: Siva Brata Bhattacherjee, Lead sentenceQuote, Has Scientist: Siva Brata Bhattacherjee, Lead sentenceSiva Brata Bhattacherjee (1921-2003), sometimes spelt Sibabrata Bhattacherjee-was a professor of physics at the University of Calcutta.View the SourceWikipedia: John Stewart BellHas Scientist: John Stewart Bell, LeadQuote, Has Scientist: John Stewart Bell, Leadwas a physicist from Northern IrelandView the SourceErwin Schrödinger (Wikipedia)tier 3WikipediaHas Scientist: Erwin Schrödinger, LeadQuote, Has Scientist: Erwin Schrödinger, Leadwas an Austrian theoretical physicistView the SourceWilhelm Röntgen (Wikipedia)tier 3WikipediaHas Scientist: Wilhelm Röntgen, LeadQuote, Has Scientist: Wilhelm Röntgen, Leadwas a German experimental physicistView the SourceAndré-Marie Ampère (Wikipedia)tier 3WikipediaHas Scientist: André-Marie Ampère, LeadQuote, Has Scientist: André-Marie Ampère, Leadwas a French physicistView the SourceYoichiro Nambu (Wikipedia)tier 3WikipediaHas Scientist: Yoichiro Nambu, LeadQuote, Has Scientist: Yoichiro Nambu, Leadwas a Japanese-American physicistView the SourceEmile Clapeyron (Wikipedia)tier 3WikipediaHas Scientist: Emile Clapeyron, LeadQuote, Has Scientist: Emile Clapeyron, Leadwas a French engineer and physicistView the SourceShin'ichirō Tomonaga (Wikipedia)Has Scientist: Shin'ichirō Tomonaga, Leadwas a Japanese physicistHas Scientist: Sin-Itiro Tomonaga, Leadwas a Japanese physicistView the SourcePyotr Kapitsa (Wikipedia)tier 3WikipediaHas Scientist: Pyotr Kapitsa, LeadQuote, Has Scientist: Pyotr Kapitsa, Leadwas a Russian and Soviet physicistView the SourceHantaro Nagaoka (Wikipedia)tier 3WikipediaHas Scientist: Hantaro Nagaoka, LeadQuote, Has Scientist: Hantaro Nagaoka, Leadwas a Japanese physicistView the SourceUkichiro Nakaya (Wikipedia)tier 3WikipediaHas Scientist: Ukichiro Nakaya, LeadQuote, Has Scientist: Ukichiro Nakaya, Leadwas a Japanese physicistView the SourceMasatoshi Koshiba (Wikipedia)Has Scientist: Masatoshi Koshiba, LeadQuote, Has Scientist: Masatoshi Koshiba, Leadwas a Japanese physicistView the SourcePeter Grünberg (Wikipedia)Has Scientist: Peter Grünberg, LeadQuote, Has Scientist: Peter Grünberg, Leadwas a German physicistView the SourceStanford E. Woosley (Wikipedia)Has Scientist: Stanford Woosley, LeadQuote, Has Scientist: Stanford Woosley, Leadis a physicistView the SourceSumio Iijima (Wikipedia)Has Scientist: Sumio Iijima, LeadQuote, Has Scientist: Sumio Iijima, Leadis a Japanese physicistView the SourceMildred Dresselhaus (Wikipedia)Has Scientist: Mildred Dresselhaus, LeadQuote, Has Scientist: Mildred Dresselhaus, Leadwas an American physicistView the SourceAntony Garrett Lisi (Wikipedia)Has Scientist: Garrett Lisi, LeadQuote, Has Scientist: Garrett Lisi, Leadis an American theoretical physicistView the SourceFrédéric Joliot-Curie (Wikipedia)Has Scientist: Frédéric Joliot-Curie, LeadQuote, Has Scientist: Frédéric Joliot-Curie, Leadwas a French chemist and physicistView the SourceIrène Joliot-Curie (Wikipedia)Has Scientist: Irène Joliot-Curie, LeadQuote, Has Scientist: Irène Joliot-Curie, Leadwas a French chemist and physicistView the SourceCharles-Édouard Guillaume (Wikipedia)Has Scientist: Charles-Édouard Guillaume, LeadQuote, Has Scientist: Charles-Édouard Guillaume, Leadwas a Swiss physicistView the SourceRudolf Mössbauer (Wikipedia)Has Scientist: Rudolf Mössbauer, LeadQuote, Has Scientist: Rudolf Mössbauer, Leadwas a German physicistView the SourceHannes Alfvén (Wikipedia)Has Scientist: Hannes Alfvén, LeadQuote, Has Scientist: Hannes Alfvén, Leadwas a Swedish electrical engineer, plasma physicistView the SourceLouis Néel (Wikipedia)Has Scientist: Louis Néel, LeadQuote, Has Scientist: Louis Néel, Leadwas a French physicistView the SourceK. Alex Müller (Wikipedia)Has Scientist: K. Alex Müller, LeadQuote, Has Scientist: K. Alex Müller, Leadwas a Swiss physicistView the SourceHorst Ludwig Stormer (Wikipedia)Has Scientist: Horst L. Stormer, LeadQuote, Has Scientist: Horst L. Stormer, Leadis a German physicistView the SourceTheodor W. Hänsch (Wikipedia)Has Scientist: Theodor W. Hansch, LeadQuote, Has Scientist: Theodor W. Hansch, Leadis a German physicistView the SourceGilbert Walker (Wikipedia)tier 3WikipediaHas Scientist: Gilbert Walker, LeadQuote, Has Scientist: Gilbert Walker, Leadwas an English physicistView the SourceMichael Berry (physicist) (Wikipedia)Has Scientist: Michael Berry, LeadQuote, Has Scientist: Michael Berry, Leadis a British theoretical physicistView the SourceCharles H. Bennett (physicist) (Wikipedia)Has Scientist: Charles H. Bennett, LeadQuote, Has Scientist: Charles H. Bennett, Leadis an American physicistView the SourceAllan H. MacDonald (Wikipedia)Has Scientist: Allan MacDonald, LeadQuote, Has Scientist: Allan MacDonald, Leadis a theoretical condensed matter physicistView the SourceRaymond Wilson (physicist) (Wikipedia)Has Scientist: Raymond Wilson, LeadQuote, Has Scientist: Raymond Wilson, Leadwas an English physicistView the SourceCharles Frank (physicist) (Wikipedia)Has Scientist: Charles Frank, LeadQuote, Has Scientist: Charles Frank, Leadwas a British theoretical physicistView the SourceRobert Coleman Richardson (Wikipedia)Has Scientist: Robert C. Richardson, LeadQuote, Has Scientist: Robert C. Richardson, Leadwas an American experimental physicistView the SourceAlexei Abrikosov (Wikipedia)Has Scientist: Alexei Abrikosov, LeadQuote, Has Scientist: Alexei Abrikosov, Leadwas a Russian-American theoretical physicistView the SourceBenjamin Thompson (Wikipedia)Has Scientist: Benjamin Thompson, Count Rumford, Infobox: fieldQuote, Has Scientist: Benjamin Thompson, Count Rumford, Infobox: fieldPhysicsView the SourceAlbert J. Libchaber - WikipediaHas Scientist: Albert Libchaber, Lead, sentence 2Quote, Has Scientist: Albert Libchaber, Lead, sentence 2He won the Wolf Prize in Physics in 1986.View the SourceThomas Young (scientist) (Wikipedia)Has Scientist: Thomas Young, Infobox: fieldQuote, Has Scientist: Thomas Young, Infobox: fieldPhysics Physiology EgyptologyView the SourceSurya Ganguli (Wikipedia)Has Scientist: Surya Ganguli, Infobox: fieldQuote, Has Scientist: Surya Ganguli, Infobox: fieldTheoretical Neuroscience Theoretical PhysicsView the SourceAmbarish Ghosh (Wikipedia)Has Scientist: Ambarish Ghosh, Lead, sentence 2Quote, Has Scientist: Ambarish Ghosh, Lead, sentence 2He is also an associate faculty at the Department of Physics.View the SourceYang-Mills theory (Wikipedia)Has Theory: Yang-Mills Theory, Lead, sentence 1Quote, Has Theory: Yang-Mills Theory, Lead, sentence 1Yang-Mills theory is a quantum field theory for nuclear binding devised by Chen Ning Yang and Robert Mills in 1953, as well as a generic term for the class of similar theories.View the SourceOhm's Law (Wikipedia)tier 3WikipediaHas Theory: Ohm's Law, Lead, sentence 1Quote, Has Theory: Ohm's Law, Lead, sentence 1Ohm's law states that in a well-behaved conductor (a so-called ohmic conductor), the electric current between two points is directly proportional to the voltage (the difference of electric potential) across the two points.View the SourceDoppler Effect (Wikipedia)tier 3WikipediaHas Theory: Doppler Effect, Lead, sentence 1Quote, Has Theory: Doppler Effect, Lead, sentence 1The Doppler effect (also Doppler shift) is the change in the frequency or, equivalently, the period of a wave in relation to an observer who is moving relative to the source of the wave.View the SourceConservation of Energy (Wikipedia)tier 3WikipediaHas Theory: Conservation of Energy, Lead, sentence 1Quote, Has Theory: Conservation of Energy, Lead, sentence 1The law of conservation of energy states that the total energy of an isolated system remains constant; it is said to be conserved over time.View the SourceIdeal Gas Law (Wikipedia)tier 3WikipediaHas Theory: Ideal Gas Law, Lead, sentence 1Quote, Has Theory: Ideal Gas Law, Lead, sentence 1The ideal gas law, also called the general gas equation, is the equation of state of a hypothetical ideal gas.View the SourceBoyle's Law (Wikipedia)tier 3WikipediaHas Theory: Boyle's Law, Lead, sentence 1Quote, Has Theory: Boyle's Law, Lead, sentence 1Boyle's law, also referred to as the Boyle-Mariotte law or Mariotte's law (especially in France), is an empirical gas law that describes the relationship between pressure and volume of a confined gas.View the SourceAvogadro's Law (Wikipedia)tier 3WikipediaHas Theory: Avogadro's Law, Lead, sentence 1Quote, Has Theory: Avogadro's Law, Lead, sentence 1Avogadro's law (sometimes referred to as Avogadro's hypothesis or Avogadro's principle) or Avogadro-Ampère's hypothesis is an experimental gas law relating the volume of a gas to the amount of substance of gas present.View the SourceRainbow gravity theory (Wikipedia)Has Theory: Rainbow gravity theory, Lead, sentence 1Quote, Has Theory: Rainbow gravity theory, Lead, sentence 1Rainbow gravity (or "gravity's rainbow") is a theory that different wavelengths of light experience different gravity levels and are separated in the same way that a prism splits white light into the rainbow.View the SourceSpectroscopy (Wikipedia)Has Theory: Spectroscopy, Lead, sentence 1Quote, Has Theory: Spectroscopy, Lead, sentence 1Spectroscopy is the field of study that measures and interprets electromagnetic spectra as it interacts with matter.View the SourceHeat Engine (Wikipedia)tier 3WikipediaHas Theory: Heat Engine, Lead, sentence 1Quote, Has Theory: Heat Engine, Lead, sentence 1A heat engine is a system that transfers thermal energy to do mechanical or electrical work.View the SourceElectric CurrentHas Theory: Electric Current, Lead, sentence 1An electric current is a flow of charged particles, such as electrons or ions, through an electrical conductor or space.Studies: Electric Current, Lead, sentence 1An electric current is a flow of charged particles, such as electrons or ions, through an electrical conductor or space.View the SourceLengthHas Theory: Length, Lead, sentence 2In the International System of Quantities, length is a quantity with dimension distance.Studies: Length, Lead, sentence 2In the International System of Quantities, length is a quantity with dimension distance.View the SourceLuminous IntensityHas Theory: Luminous Intensity, Lead, sentence 1In photometry, luminous intensity is a measure of the wavelength-weighted power emitted by a light source in a particular direction per unit solid angle, based on the luminosity function, a standardized model of the sensitivity of the human eye.Studies: Luminous Intensity, Lead, sentence 1In photometry, luminous intensity is a measure of the wavelength-weighted power emitted by a light source in a particular direction per unit solid angle, based on the luminosity function, a standardized model of the sensitivity of the human eye.View the SourceTimeHas Theory: Time, Lead, sentence 2Time dictates all forms of action, age, and causality, being a component quantity of various measurements used to sequence events, to compare the duration of events or the intervals between them, and to quantify rates of change of quantities in material reality or in conscious experience.Studies: Time, Lead, sentence 2Time dictates all forms of action, age, and causality, being a component quantity of various measurements used to sequence events, to compare the duration of events or the intervals between them, and to quantify rates of change of quantities in material reality or in conscious experience.View the SourceImagingHas Theory: Imaging, Lead, sentence 2The term encompasses both the formation of images through physical processes and the technologies used to capture, store, process, and display them.Studies: Imaging, Lead, sentence 2The term encompasses both the formation of images through physical processes and the technologies used to capture, store, process, and display them.View the SourceInstrumentationHas Theory: Instrumentation, Lead, sentence 1Instrumentation () is a collective term for measuring instruments, used for indicating, measuring, and recording physical quantities.Studies: Instrumentation, Lead, sentence 1Instrumentation () is a collective term for measuring instruments, used for indicating, measuring, and recording physical quantities.View the SourceSpectrometer (Wikipedia)tier 3WikipediaHas Theory: Spectrometer, Lead, sentence 1A spectrometer () is a scientific instrument used to separate and measure spectral components of a physical phenomenon.Studies: Spectrometer, Lead, sentence 1A spectrometer () is a scientific instrument used to separate and measure spectral components of a physical phenomenon.View the SourceOpen Questions (1 open question)What causes high-temperature superconductivity?Superconductivity above the boiling point of liquid nitrogen was discovered in copper-oxide ceramics in 1986, but unlike low-temperature superconductivity, no accepted theory explains why electrons pair and flow without resistance at such comparatively high temperatures. The mechanism remains, in the field's own words, an important unsolved theoretical problem in condensed matter physics.What would resolve this A microscopic theory of high-temperature superconductivity that predicts, rather than merely fits after the fact, which materials will superconduct and at what temperature, tested against the growing family of known high-temperature superconductors.Condensed matter physicsPhysics (Wikipedia)Comments (0)No comments yet. Be the first to share a thought.Sign in to join the discussion.Reader Challenges (0)No disputes yet. Spotted an error or a better source? Open the first one.Sign in to dispute this or suggest a correction.